Genera: _Semnopithecus_, _Colobus_, _Cercopithecus_, _Inuus_, _Macacus_, _Cynocephalus_. (2) Sub-family: _Platyrrhina_. Genera: _Mycetes_, _Lagothrix Ateles_, _Cebus_, _Pithecia_, _Nyctipithecus_, _Callithrix_, _Chrysothrix_, _Hapale_. CHAPTER VIII. A SUMMARY, TOGETHER WITH SOME FURTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF THE ANTHROPOMORPHISM OF THE GORILLA, CHIMPANZEE, ORANG, AND GIBBON. Huxley’s statement, that the lowest apes are further removed from the highest apes than the latter are from men, is, according to my experience, still perfectly valid. It cannot be denied that the highest order of the animal world is closely connected with the highest created being. In the third chapter I have sought to show in what way the pithecoid characteristics of men may be proved. From the latter chapters, also, much may be learned with respect to the anthropoid characteristics of anthropoids. The external form first provokes the comparison. There is much in the bodily structure which spans the apparent chasm between men and apes, and this is evident to the simplest understanding. The head, and the general form of the body, especially in young male and female gorillas, chimpanzees, and orangs, and even in gibbons, if we exclude the length of their arms, display many points of resemblance with man. It is shown even in separate organs of the body--as, for instance, in the ear. The illustrations given in the second chapter of the ears of apes, including that of the gorilla, were intentionally taken by me from such specimens as had least resemblance to man, and yet even in these a certain likeness must be recognized. I have already observed that the old males of an anthropoid species are always further removed from man than the young, and this is especially the case with the gorilla. The head of an aged male gorilla, with its great cranial crests and powerful jaw, displays striking differences from the human type. This is an important fact, since in the case of man we almost without exception regard the fully developed male adult as the typical form.