In considering the limbs, the differences between the arms and hands
of man and those of anthropoids are apparent, but less striking than
in the case of the lower limbs. For the prehensile foot of apes has in
it something abnormal which distinctly differs from the human foot,
adapted for walking. Nor can the prehensibility of the human toes
in certain cases be directly compared with the prehensibility of an
ape’s foot, in which the great toe has the action of a thumb. Haeckel
remarks that newly born children can also take a strong grip with the
great toe, and if a spoon is inserted they can hold it with the foot as
firmly as with the hand.[129] This power is, however, only partial and
subordinate, compared with the manifold and developed prehensibility
of an anthropoid’s foot. The possibility of walking upright to a
certain, although sometimes to a very limited, extent is no exclusive
privilege of anthropoids, since this power may be acquired by training
in the case of other apes, as well as of dogs, pigs, horses, etc.
Many apes of the New World, such as the tailed and climbing apes, as
well as some semi-apes, bears, ichneumons, scaled and rodent animals,
can go for some distance in an upright position, quite as readily as
anthropoids, and without being trained to do so.[130] The structure of
anthropoids is, indeed, better adapted for going on all-fours, or for
climbing. The projection of the coccyx in the form of a rudimentary
tail has, as is well known, been observed in some isolated cases in the
human species. This peculiarity is supposed to be hereditary in the
case of some non-European peoples, such as the Niam-Niam of Central
Africa, and some of the Southern Malays. But this surmise has not yet
been confirmed.
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