Nor have the attempts to educate savages been uniformly unsuccessful. The great Indian chief Tekumseh; the presidents Benito Juarez, and Ramon Castilla; the negro Toussaint l’Ouverture; the Hova king, Radama I.; the Polynesian rulers, Kamehameha I., Pomare II., Georges, and Kokabau, show what may be made of such materials under favourable circumstances. The poor Indian from Oaxaca; the steadfast leader Perus, who belonged to a needy Arriero family; the Haytian who was formerly driver on a plantation, are as far removed from aboriginal savages as the Malagasy and Polynesians educated by European missionaries. It is well known that nations, in the earliest periods of their existence, have to pass through certain rude conditions of their development, and the most highly civilized nations are not exempt from this law. The transition period of the Stone Age is necessary for all, and with the use of metals a higher and more cultivated life has been gradually developed. Even for those who do not recognize any sharp line of demarcation between the stone and metal periods, yet, speaking generally, they will admit that the times in which stone instruments, and those in which bronze and iron instruments were chiefly used, present tokens of actual epochs in historical culture. As we know, there are also certain phases of development in the Stone Age. In its earliest stages the rudely shaped and unworked tool could not procure for its owner any regular shelter: he lived in caves, clefts, or under a scanty covering of leaves, and made use of his tool in killing wild animals; in cutting wood; in preparing skins, tendons, and gourd-vessels; in dismembering the prey obtained in hunting; and in extracting marrow from bones. With the art of shaping and sharpening these stone tools, a progressive improvement in the conditions of human life went hand in hand. We can picture to ourselves the physical and psychical conditions of the first and earliest men of the Stone Age as those of extremely rude savages, but who were endowed with the gift of working out for themselves higher conditions of life.