In the skulls of such young males as those here mentioned, the temporal ridges, which in aged animals are in close proximity in the region of the developed bony crests, have already in some cases begun to approach each other, but they are still far apart. In young specimens we can distinguish, on each side of the parietal bones, two temporal ridges, opposite each other, and taking a nearly parallel course. The upper ridge, which loses itself on the external surface of the mastoid process, which is already developed, corresponds to the junction of the fascia of the cranial muscles (_Galea aponeurotica musculi epicranii_) with the fascia enclosing the large temporal muscles. The lower ridge, which is gradually merged in the upper edge of the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, forms the demarcation of the fleshy origin of the temporal muscle. This corresponds to the spot at which the two layers of the temporal fascia unite. In a very young male these temporal ridges can be only faintly traced; they become more strongly marked as his growth advances, and as they approximate more closely to each other on the vertex of the cranium. I have examined a skull of which the sutures were still open, and could already trace the development of the coronal crest in two divisions, separated from each other by a longitudinal furrow. The upper edges of these divisions corresponded to the two temporal ridges, which were in close proximity to each other. If the animal had not died at this stage of its development, it is probable that, with advancing growth, the two divisions of the crest would have been welded into one structure. Such a condition only characterizes a transitory stage of development, repeated in each individual. In the centre of the vertex of the cranium, where the longitudinal crest of which we have so often spoken is subsequently developed, we may often observe on the sagittal suture of the cranium of a young male a longitudinal swelling, which increases very gradually. In the region of the two upper semicircular curved lines (_lineæ semicirculares s. nuchæ supremæ_), on the squamous occipital portion, or between these and the two central cervical lines, a transverse swelling is early developed; this swelling sometimes extends to the lambdoidal suture, or, at any rate, to its neighbourhood. This bony excrescence, of which the anatomical term is _Torus occipitalis transversus_, corresponds to the first layer of the transverse occipital crest so characteristic of the old male gorilla (see Fig. 15).