occasionally reappears in man.” [Illustration: Fig. 28.--Human ear.] I subjoin an illustration of the human ear, in which the pointed tip mentioned by Darwin may be easily discovered. This point may also be perceived in the ears of anthropoids, and especially in those of the orang-utan. Meyer has attempted to show that this Darwinian pointed tip is only due to the abortive development of part of the helix, and in this case we should not regard the occurrence as an ape-like pointing of the helix, but rather as its partial interruption owing to the pathological condition of that organ.[23] In a later edition of his work, Darwin admits, in reply to Meyer, that this explanation may apply to many cases in which there are several very small points, or when the whole of the helix is sinuate. In one case, photographed by Darwin, the prominence was so large that, if we were to assume with Meyer that the ear would have been normal if the cartilage had been uniformly developed along the whole extent of the helix, the latter must have occupied a third part of the ear. Two cases were mentioned to Darwin in which the upper edge of the ear had no inner fold, and was so pointed that it was very like that of an ordinary mammal. The ear of the fœtus of an orang given in Darwin’s illustration appears to be pointed, although in the adult animal that organ is very like the human ear. The Darwinian tip may also be seen in the fœtus of an orang described and illustrated by Salvatore Trinchese in the _Annali del Museo civico di Storia Naturale di Genova_ (1870). The tip of the helix is pointed in very young individuals of the gibbon species, especially in _Hylobates Lar_. Among the lower apes the pointed ear is very common (see Fig. 29). [Illustration: Fig. 29.--Magot (_Innuus ecaudatus_).] The eyelids of anthropoids greatly resemble those of man in their structure. In adult gorillas and chimpanzees there is always a semilunar fold (_plica semilunaris_) corresponding to the _membrana nictitans_, or third eyelid of birds. In man there exists, instead of this, only a rudimentary apparatus, the _caruncula lachrymalis_. In some individuals it attains to a considerable size, as I have observed in the fellaheen, Berbers, Shillook, and other tribes. On the other hand, the conversion of the caruncula into a true, although only rudimentary, _plica semilunaris_ has not been observed by me in the human eye. Miklucho-Maclay describes the caruncula in Melanesians (the Papuans of New Guinea), in the Orang-Sakay (of the Malay peninsula), and in the Mikronesians (of the island of Japan and of the Palau archipelago), as two or three times as wide as that of the average European.[24]