According to Duvernoy, in the gorilla a fibrous, hood-like fascia covers the whole region of the occiput and neck. In adult males this fascia is 20 mm. in thickness. In a female dissected by me the rudiments of a similar hood-like cervical fascia were present. Duvernoy is justified in supposing that this is not yet developed in the young gorilla, and that a layer of connective tissue and fat is substituted for it. In a young gorilla I saw the trapezius divided into distinct bundles of flesh by layers of fat (Fig. 50, ~15~). The fascia corresponds to the great development of the trapezius, and the same characteristic development exists in other anthropoids. The adult male gorilla displays a powerful _ligamentum nuchæ_ in connection with the long spinous processes of the cervical vertebræ, as well as powerful inter-spinales muscles, spinales colli, and semi-spinales colli and dorsi. The great development of the spinous processes of the dorsal vertebræ of gorillas (Fig. 17), and also chimpanzees and orangs, involve the development of powerful semi-spinales, as well as of strong, fourfold spinales and inter-spinales muscles. The whole of the fleshy formation of the neck of an adult male gorilla which is covered by the trapezius is very voluminous, and especially the splenius capitis and colli, the long cervical muscle (_Musculus longissimus cervicis_), and the long head-muscle (_Musculus longissimus capitis_), which have also been regarded by me as parts of the long spinal extensor, and finally the oblique and vertical muscles at the back of the head. With Chappuy, I am disposed to regard the latter as modifications of the spinales and inter-spinales. The levator anguli scapulæ is divided in anthropoids as in man. The subclavius is slender, except in the gorilla, and in the latter animal it sends a tendon obliquely to the coracoid process. In all anthropoids the deltoid is strongly developed. In the gorilla it projects forwards and outwards in order to attach itself to the humerus, almost in its centre. Here it is separated from the brachialis anticus in a manner with which we are only imperfectly acquainted. It extends nearly as far in the gibbon and orang, while in the chimpanzee its attachment is higher up. Bischoff observes, and it was previously suggested by Vrolik, that in the chimpanzee the coraco-brachialis muscle possesses at its origin a moderately large second portion, which tends downwards over the lesser tuberosity of the humerus, and adheres to its edge. But I have seen both portions of the muscle in question attached to the coracoid process of the scapula in apes of this species. In the gorilla, orang, and gibbon the position of this muscle corresponds to that in man.