---------------------------------------+---------------+---------------- |Western Eskimo | Old Americans +-------+-------+-------+-------- | Male | Female| Male | Female ---------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------- | _cm._ | _cm._ | _cm._ | _cm._ Height, nasion to hair line | 6.86 | 6.45 | 6.59 | 6.45 Percentage relation to stature | _4.23_| _4.23_| _3.78_| _3.80_ Breadth: Diameter frontal minimum | 10.58 | 10.54 | 10.59 | 10.12 Percentage relation of diameter frontal| | | | minimum to breadth of face | _71.1_| _73.7_|_76.4_ |_77.8_ Forehead index (H × 100)/(B) | _64.8_| _61.2_|_63.7_ |_62.1_ ---------------------------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------- With the lower breadth of the forehead, conditions are also interesting. The absolute figures for the two races show a reversal. The height of the forehead is larger in the Eskimo than in the white males, equal in the females; the lower frontal breadth is equal in the males but larger in the Eskimo than in the white female. Proportionately to stature, which is so much lower in the Eskimo, both sexes of the latter show an advantage in the dimension over the white. The percental relation of the breadth of the forehead to that of the face reflects the excess of the latter in the Eskimo, particularly the male. There is evidently not a full direct correlation between the two dimensions. Yet relatively to its height the face is broader in the females than in the males (see below), which is doubtless not without influence on the lower breadth of the forehead in the former. To summarize, the western Eskimo forehead exceeds in area that of the American whites, in both sexes, and that particularly in relation to stature. As to the individual measurements, the male Eskimo forehead as contrasted with that of the white is especially high, the female especially broad. To which should be added that in the Eskimo the spheno-temporal region is often remarkably full, almost bulging, so that, contrary to what may be observed in the Negro, the frontal maximum diameter is also probably larger than in the whites, all of which doubtless has significance, even though this is not yet fully understood. _The face._--The principal measurements and relations are given below. They show a face large and especially broad. Moreover, relatively to its height the face is especially broad in the Eskimo female, in connection doubtless with the well-known excess of the work (in softening leather, etc.) of her jaws, with consequent development of the muscles of mastication, which in turn broaden the zygoma. DIMENSIONS OF THE FACE