----------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------- | Western Eskimo | Old American whites ----------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------- | _Male_ _Female_| _Male_ _Female_ Height, menton-nasion | 12.67 11.64 | 12.15 11.09 Females to males (M = 100) | _91.9_ | _91.3_ Diameter bizygomatic maximum | 14.88 14.30 | 13.87 12.99 Females to males (M = 100) | _96.1_ | _93.6_ Facial index, anatomic |_85.2_ _81.4_ | _87.6_ _85.4_ Facial module (or mean diameter), | | anatomic | 13.77 12.97 | 13.01 12.04 Female to male (M = 100) | _94.2_ | _92.5_ Percentage relation of female and | | male to stature | _8.49_ _8.50_| _7.46_ _7.44_ ----------------------------------+-----------------+-------------------- The great size of the Eskimo face is especially apparent in the relations of the mean diameter of the face to stature; it is in this respect no less than 12 per cent in excess of that of the whites in the males and 12.5 per cent in the females.[130] _Lower facial breadth._--Due to the great development of the masseter muscles and the consequent frequent lesser or greater eversion of the angles of the lower jaw, the bigonial diameter in the Eskimo is very large, particularly when taken in relation to stature, and in such relation it looms especially large in the females. Compared with the old American whites, the bigonial breadth in its relation to stature is higher in the Eskimo males by 15.5 per cent, in the Eskimo females by 17.7 per cent. And measurements of Eskimo lower jaws in general show that this breadth in the western contingents is not exceptional. LOWER FACIAL BREADTH --------------------------------+-------------------+------------------- |Western Eskimo (St.| Old Americans | Lawrence Island) | --------------------------------+-------------------+------------------- | _Males_ _Females_| _Males_ _Females_ Diameter bigonial | 11.78 11.18 | 10.63 9.84 Female vs. male | _94.9_ | _92.6_ Percentage relation to stature | _7.21_ _7.39_ | _6.09_ _6.08_ Percentage relation to breadth |_80_ _79.5_ |_76.7_ _75.8_ relation to breadth of face | | --------------------------------+-------------------+-------------------