--------+----------------------------+---------------------- | American whites | +----------------+-----------+ Western Eskimo | Old Americans | Old | | and immigrants | Americans | +----------------+-----------+-------------+-------- | Males | Females | Males | Females --------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------- | (13 groups) | | (6 groups) | Height | 4.95-5.4 | 4.94 | 5.47-6.03 | 5.03 Breadth | 3.45-3.6 | 3.25 | 3.82-3.93 | 3.61 Index | _62.5-73_ | _66_ | _63.7-71.9_ | _71.9_ --------+----------------+-----------+-------------+-------- _The mouth._--The western Eskimo mouth is large. It is considerably larger (wider) than in the old American whites, though these are of much higher stature. In relation to stature the width of the western Eskimo mouth exceeds that in the white old Americans by 13 per cent in the males and by nearly 14 per cent in the females, but there is a close relation with that of a large group of Indians. The details follow: MOUTH WIDTH ---------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------- | Western Eskimo | 16 tribes of | | (Nunivak and | Indians of the | Old American | St. Lawrence | Southwest and | whites. | Islands) |northern Mexico.| +-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+-------- |Males | Females|Males | Females|Males | Females ---------------------+-------+--------+-------+--------+-------+-------- Width | 5.73 5.44 | 5.85 5.49 | 5.37 4.95 Females versus males | _94.9_ | _93.8_ | _92.3_ Percentage relation |_3.53_ _3.57_|_3.50_ _3.55_|_3.07_ _3.08_ relation to stature|_3.53_ _3.57_|_3.50_ _3.55_|_3.07_ _3.08_ ---------------------+----------------+----------------+---------------- _The ears._--The ears of the western Eskimo are large. They are especially long. They exceed in both size and relative length those of whites, but are in both respects much more like those of the American Indian. The excess in length, both in the Eskimo and the Indian, is especially marked when this measurement is taken in relation to stature. Relatively to its length, the ear of the female Eskimo in all our groups is somewhat narrow, giving a lower index. This is not observed in the available whites and Indians. None of the series below are affected seriously by the age factor; though with an organ so much influenced by age as the ear the ideal way would be to compare only groups of the same age. EARS