So far as known there are no larger faces among the Indians than those of the Sioux, yet they remain very perceptibly, in all three measurements, behind the Eskimo. No face as large as that of the Eskimo is known, in fact, from anywhere else in the world. In whites the mean diameter of the largest faces (see data in Martin's Lehrbuch Anthrop., 789-791) does not exceed 10.36 centimeters. The above showing assumes especial weight when it is recalled that both the Siouan and the Algonquian tribes are among the tallest there are on the American Continent. The cause of the large size of the Eskimo face can only be the excessive use of the jaws; no other reason even suggests itself. But the character may already be more or less hereditary. It furnishes another attractive subject for further investigation. With its large dimensions the face of the Eskimo skull presents generally also large orbits, large molars, submedium prominence and breadth of the nasal bridge, shallow suborbital (canine) fossae, large dental arch above medium teeth, and a large and stout lower jaw with broad not seldom more or less everted angles, giving the whole a characteristic appearance. With partial exception of the orbits and the nose, which are subject also to other factors, all these features of the Eskimo face are explainable as strengthenings resulting from the increased function of mastication. The main dimensions of the cranial face in the three large groupings of the Eskimo are given in the next table. WESTERN AND OTHER ESKIMO: FACIAL DIMENSIONS IN THE SKULL ----------------+----------------------------------- | Males +------+------+-------+------------- | | Alve-| Diam- | Cranial | Men- | olar | eter | facial | ton- |point-| bizy- | index |nasion|nasion|gomatic+------+------ | | |maximum| Total| Upper +------+------+-------+------+------ Groups | (9) | (14) | (14) | (8) | (14) Southwestern | | | | | and midwestern| 12.60| 7.87 | 14.25 |_88.2_|_55.3_ Groups | (5) | (7) | (7) | (5) | (7) Northwestern | 12.58| 7.73 | 14.23 |_88.3_|_54.4_ Groups | (5) | (6) | (6) | (5) | (5) North Arctic and| | | | | northeastern | 12.22| 7.69 | 14.32 |_85.9_|_53.7_ ----------------+------+------+-------+------+------