It is plain that, on many points, Homer, with his austere taste, is not a very rich source for the anthropologist in search of savage survivals. In Homer no human beings work magic; a witch, like a harlot, is not to be found in the Epics. Both are familiar in the Old Testament. There is a second-sighted man, but his was a natural faculty. Homer never alludes to the humbler necessities of our animal nature; unlike Shakespeare, he never makes old Nestor cough and spit, when roused, as in the _Doloneia_, by a night alarm. Nobody coughs in Homer. He sings for an audience that has lived down the ape, though the tiger has not wholly died. He knows nothing of our instruments of torture, rack and boot and thumbscrews, which, in Scotland, outlasted the seventeenth century. Historic Greece was not very successful in expelling the beast from human nature. The poets of historical Greece were never so successful as Homer. I infer that the _Iliad_ and the _Odyssey_ are prehistoric, the flowers of a brief age of Achaean civilization, an age when the society of princes and ladies had a taste extraordinarily pure and noble. The poems were framed for an aristocratic, not for a popular audience, though I am perfectly ready to grant that the popular audience to which our best ballad minstrels sang also desired a tone of singular purity in the serious romantic lays. It is the nature of the highest objective art, whether in epic or ballad, to be clean: the Muses are maidens. NOTES Page 47. The reference to Mr. Verrall refers to his article on Homer in _The Quarterly Review_, July, 1908. I myself suppose that some editorial work was done for the _Iliad_ and _Odyssey_ at Athens, before the Persian war. There is plenty of smoke in literary tradition, and ‘where there is smoke there is fire’. But the smoke-wreaths are vague and multiform as the misty ghosts in Ossian, and I cannot, with Mr. Verrall, regard the words of a fourth-century orator. Page 48. Lycurgus is not ‘record’. By ‘record evidence’ for Greece I understand inscriptions, nothing more and nothing less. Page 57. ‘cuirass, _zoster_, and _mitrê_.’ See figure, a copy of a clay seal, of which nearly a hundred impressions have been published in _Monumenti Antichi_. See for further particulars my article on Homer in _Blackwood’s Magazine_ for January, 1908, also Mackenzie, _Annual of the British School at Athens_ (1905-6, p. 241). Page 59. _Odyssey_ xvi. 294, xix. 13, for αὐτὸς γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἄνδρα σίδηρος a friend suggests αὒτως γὰρ ἐφέλκεται ἀνδράσι δῆρις. This emendation I leave at the mercy of the learned. LECTURE III ANTHROPOLOGY IN THE GREEK EPIC TRADITION OUTSIDE HOMER