TRANSCRIBER’S NOTES Italic text is denoted by _underscores_. Misspelled words have been corrected. These are identified by the ♦ symbol in the text and are shown immediately below the paragraph in which they appear. Archaic and alternate spellings are left unchanged (e.g. neurones, synagog). Other changes to the text are noted at the end of the book. ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE UNITED STATES ITS HISTORY AND CAUSES BY RABBI LEE J. LEVINGER, Ph.D. Author of “_A Jewish Chaplain In France_” [Illustration (publisher logo)] NEW YORK BLOCH PUBLISHING CO., Inc. “_THE JEWISH BOOK CONCERN_” 1925 Copyright, 1925, by Lee J. Levinger Printed in the United States TO MY PARENTS WHO FIRST TAUGHT ME THE MEANING OF TOLERANCE _And all must love the human form, In heathen, Turk, or Jew; Where Mercy, Love, and Pity dwell, There God is dwelling too._ William Blake. PREFACE This study, which was submitted as one of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, has meant the assembling of personal and theoretical interests of various types. It has two chapters of pure theory on which the practical application is based. To the student of social philosophy or sociology, then, chapters 1 and 2 will contain the essentials of the study. The general reader, not interested in the technical basis but in the conclusions, may prefer to omit these chapters from the reading, and to proceed from the introduction directly to the applications of this theory in American history and specifically to the problem of the Jew in America, as developed in chapters 3 to 9. Grateful acknowledgments are due to Professor Edgar A. Singer, Jr., of the University of Pennsylvania, Professor Julius Drachsler of the College of the City of New York, and Mr. Leon L. Lewis, Secretary of the Anti-Defamation League, for their very stimulating aid, both prior to and during the writing of this study, and to my wife for her assistance in the preparation of the manuscript. Lee J. Levinger _Wilmington, Delaware, May, 1925._ CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE Introduction: A Statement of the Problem 9 I. The “Group Mind,” a Definition and a Description 18