Antietam National Battlefield, MarylandTilberg, Frederick
History
Antietam National Battlefield, Maryland
Tilberg, Frederick
Antietam National Cemetery; Maryland Campaign, 1862; United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865
Posted in the road embankment were the five brigades of D. H. Hill. At
dawn these men had faced east, their line crossing the Sunken Road. But
under the pressure of the Federal attacks on the Confederate left, they
had swung northward. Three of Hill’s brigades had been drawn into the
fight around the Dunker Church. Then Greene’s Federals had driven them
back toward the Sunken Road. There Hill rallied his troops. About 10:30
a.m., as the men were piling fence rails on the embankment to strengthen
the position, a strong enemy force appeared on their front, steadily
advancing with parade-like precision. It was French’s division, heading
up the ravine toward Sunken Road Ridge.
Crouched at the road embankment, Hill’s men delivered a galling fire
into French’s ranks. The Federals fell back, then charged again. One
Union officer later wrote: “For three hours and thirty minutes the
battle raged incessantly, without either party giving way.”
But French’s division alone could not maintain its hold on the ridge.
Hurt by fire from Confederates in the road and on either side, the Union
men gave way. Still it was not over. French’s reserve brigade now rushed
up, restoring order in the disorganized ranks; once again the division
moved forward.
Now, opportunely, Maj. Gen. Israel Richardson’s Federal division—also of
Sumner’s corps—arrived on the left of French and was about to strike
Hill’s right flank in the road embankment.
It was a critical moment for the Confederates. Aware that loss of the
Sunken Road might bring disaster, Lee ordered forward his last
reserve—the five brigades of Maj. Gen. R. H. Anderson’s division. At the
same time Brig. Gen. Robert Rodes of Hill’s division launched a furious
attack to hold the Federals back until Anderson’s men could arrive. This
thrust kept French’s men from aiding Richardson, who even now prepared
to assault the Confederates in the road.
As French’s attack halted, Richardson swept forward in magnificent
array. Richardson was a tough old fighter—bluff and courageous, a leader
of men. One of his officers recalled his leading the advance, sword in
hand: “Where’s General ——?” he cried. Some soldiers answered, “Behind
the haystack!” “G— d— the field officers!” the old man roared, pushing
on with his men toward the Sunken Road. In three units they passed to
the east of the Roulette farmhouse and charged the Confederates at the
crest of the ridge.
As the struggle increased in fury, R. H. Anderson’s brigades arrived in
the rear of Hill’s troops in the road. But Anderson fell wounded soon
after his arrival, and suddenly the charging Confederate
counteroffensive lost its punch. By a mistaken order, Rodes’ men in the
Sunken Road near the Roulette lane withdrew to the rear. A dangerous gap
opened on the Confederate front. The artillerist Lt. Col. E. P.
Alexander wrote later, “When Rodes’ brigade left the sunken road ...
Lee’s army was ruined, and the end of the Confederacy was in sight.”
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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