SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY BULLETIN 51 ANTIQUITIES OF THE MESA VERDE NATIONAL PARK CLIFF PALACE BY JESSE WALTER FEWKES [Illustration] WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, BUREAU OF AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY, _Washington, D. C., May 14, 1910_. SIR: I have the honor to submit the accompanying manuscript, entitled "Antiquities of the Mesa Verde National Park: Cliff Palace," by Dr. Jesse Walter Fewkes, with the recommendation that it be published, subject to your approval, as Bulletin 51 of this Bureau. Yours, very respectfully, F. W. HODGE, _Ethnologist in Charge_. DR. CHARLES D. WALCOTT, _Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution_, _Washington, D. C._ CONTENTS Page Introduction 9 Cliff Palace a type of prehistoric culture 11 Recent history 13 Site of Cliff Palace 20 Prehistoric trails to Cliff Palace 23 General features 23 Destruction by the elements 23 Vandalism 24 Repair of walls 25 Major antiquities 25 General plan of Cliff Palace 26 Terraces and retaining walls 27 Tower quarter 27 Plaza quarter 28 Old quarter 28 Northern quarter 28 Masonry 29 Adobe bricks 30 Plastering 31 Paintings and rock markings 32 Refuse heaps 33 Secular rooms 33 Doors and windows 34 Floors and roofs 35 Fireplaces 36 Living rooms 36 Milling rooms 37 Granaries 38 Crematories 38 Ledge rooms 40 Enumeration of the rooms in Cliff Palace 40 Secular rooms 40 Kivas 48 Kivas of the first type 49