Established by Edward L. Youmans APPLETONS' POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY EDITED BY WILLIAM JAY YOUMANS VOL. LIV NOVEMBER, 1898, TO APRIL, 1899 NEW YORK D. APPLETON AND COMPANY 1899 COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. VOL. LIV. ESTABLISHED BY EDWARD L. YOUMANS. NO. 5. APPLETONS' POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. MARCH, 1899. _EDITED BY WILLIAM JAY YOUMANS._ CONTENTS. PAGE I. The Evolution of Colonies. VII. Social Evolution. By J. COLLIER. 577 II. Politics as a Form of Civil War. By FRANKLIN SMITH. 588 III. My Pet Scorpion. By NORMAN ROBINSON. (Illustrated.) 605 IV. The Peoples of the Balkan Peninsula--The Greek, the Slav, and the Turk. By Prof. WILLIAM Z. RIPLEY. (Illustrated.) 614 V. Marvelous Increase in Production of Gold. By ALEXANDER E. OUTERBRIDGE, Jr. 635 VI. The California Penal System. By CHARLES HOWARD SHINN. (Illus.) 644 VII. The Scientific Expert and the Bering Sea Controversy. By GEORGE A. CLARK. 654 VIII. A School for the Study of Life under the Sea. By ELEANOR HODGENS PATTERSON. 668 IX. Science in Education. By Sir ARCHIBALD GEIKIE, F. R. S. 672 X. Shall we Teach our Daughters the Value of Money? By Mrs. GEORGE ELMORE IDE. 686 XI. Sketch of Clémence Royer. By M. JACQUES BOYER. (With Portrait.) 690 XII. Editor's Table: Words of a Master.--Fads and Frauds 699 XIII. Scientific Literature 704 XIV. Fragments of Science 712 NEW YORK: D. APPLETON AND COMPANY, 72 FIFTH AVENUE. SINGLE NUMBER, 50 CENTS. YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION, $5.00. COPYRIGHT, 1899, BY D. APPLETON AND COMPANY. Entered at the Post Office at New York, and admitted for transmission through the mails at second-class rates. [Illustration: CLÉMENCE ROYER.] APPLETONS' POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. MARCH, 1899. THE EVOLUTION OF COLONIES. BY JAMES COLLIER. VII.--SOCIAL EVOLUTION.