Ordinary dirt road 224 Ordinary cobblestone 140 Good cobblestone 75 Common macadam 64 Very hard, smooth macadam 46 Good stone block 45 Best stone block (London) 36 Asphalt 17 Granite tramway 12½ to 13½ Iron railway 8 to 11½ The question of durability occurs next, and the different kinds of pavement which may be considered for city streets may be rated as follows, it being assumed that the traffic is not excessively heavy: KIND OF PAVEMENT. Life in years. Best granite block on concrete 30 Granite block laid on sand 20 Belgian trap 20 Cobblestone 18 Asphalt 15 Best wood--rectangular block 10 Vitrified brick 12 Macadam 8 Cedar block--round--on sand 5 No class of municipal work comes so near to the daily life of an urban population--both the business and the home life--as the surface improvement of city streets, and no expenditure is too great (provided the work is skillfully and honestly done) to make them smooth, clean, sanitary, and beautiful. TYPICAL CRIMINALS. BY SAMUEL G. SMITH, LL. D. If the question of a criminal type, defined by certain marks of a physical nature and emphasized by accompanying mental and moral characteristics, were confined to the technical speculations of a special craft of scientists, the public would have little interest in the spread of the doctrines of Cesare Lombroso and his _confrères_ in this country. When it is believed, however, that certain men and women are committed to prison or condemned to death not on account of crimes in any ethical sense, but because of spontaneous actions from vicious impulses beyond their control, the subject affects the administration of law, the theory of punishment, and the safety of society.