To the records of these mediæval writers, Mr. Lane added the results of his personal experience; and in doing so he was guilty of no anachronism: for the Arabian Society in which a Saladin, a Beybars, a Barḳooḳ, and a Ḳait-Bey moved, and of which the native historians have preserved so full and graphic a record, survived almost unchanged to the time of Moḥammad ´Alee, when Mr. Lane spent many years of intimate acquaintance among the people of Cairo. The life that he saw was the same as that described by El-Maḳreezee and Es-Suyooṭee; and the purely Muslim society in which Mr. Lane preferred to move was in spirit, in custom, and in all essentials the same society that once hailed a Hároon er-Rasheed, a Jaạfar el-Barmekee, and an Aboo-Nuwás, among its members. The continuity of Arabian social tradition was practically unbroken from almost the beginning of the Khalifate to the present century, at least in such a metropolis of Islám as Cairo, or as Damascus or Baghdad. European influence has been busy in demolishing it. Cairo has long been trying to become a bastard Paris instead of the picturesque city of El-Mo´izz and Ṣaláḥ-ed-Deen, and to forget its traditions of the palmy days of Islám and its memorials of the chivalrous heroes of crusading times. It would be impossible now to gather the minute details of a purely Mohammadan society which Mr. Lane found ready to his eye and hand; and it is therefore the more fortunate that the record of Arabian Society, as it was during the Khalifate and under the rule of the Memlooks in the Middle Ages, and as it continued to be in Egypt to the days of Moḥammad ´Alee, was faithfully preserved in the "Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians," and in the notes to the "Thousand and One Nights," which are here for the first time presented in a separate and consecutive form. STANLEY LANE-POOLE. _December, 1882._ CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. RELIGION. Articles of Faith--Predestination--Ritual and Moral Laws: prayer, almsgiving, fasting, pilgrimage, etc.--Civil Laws: marriage, divorce, inheritance, manumission--Criminal Laws: murder, retaliation, theft, etc.--Religious Festivals 1 CHAPTER II. DEMONOLOGY. Angels and Jinn (Genii)--Various kinds of Jinn--Preadamite Jinn--History of Iblees--Long life of the Jinn and manner of death; assumed shapes--A Jinneeyeh wife--Spirits of the whirlwind and waterspout--Abodes of the Jinn--Solomon's power over them--Ghools and other inferior orders 25 CHAPTER III. SAINTS. Welees and their Ḳuṭbs--El-Khiḍr and Elias--Miracles--Influence--Self-denial and asceticism--Two authentic saints--General habits--A historical saint--Pilgrimage to the tombs--Annual festivals--A Zikr performed by Darweeshes--A Khatmeh--Religious murder 47 CHAPTER IV. MAGIC.