Produced by Juliet Sutherland, Josephine Paolucci and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net. Library Edition THE COMPLETE WORKS OF JOHN RUSKIN CROWN OF WILD OLIVE TIME AND TIDE QUEEN OF THE AIR LECTURES ON ART AND LANDSCAPE ARATRA PENTELICI NATIONAL LIBRARY ASSOCIATION NEW YORK CHICAGO ARATRA PENTELICI. SEVEN LECTURES ON THE ELEMENTS OF SCULPTURE, GIVEN BEFORE THE UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD IN MICHAELMAS TERM, 1870. CONTENTS. PAGE PREFACE v LECTURE I. OF THE DIVISION OF ARTS 1 LECTURE II. IDOLATRY 20 LECTURE III. IMAGINATION 39 LECTURE IV. LIKENESS 67 LECTURE V. STRUCTURE 90 LECTURE VI. THE SCHOOL OF ATHENS 114 LECTURE VII. THE RELATION BETWEEN MICHAEL ANGELO AND TINTORET 132 LIST OF PLATES Facing Page I. Porch of San Zenone, Verona 14 II. The Arethusa of Syracuse 15 III. The Warning to the Kings, San Zenone, Verona 15 IV. The Nativity of Athena 46 V. Tomb of the Doges Jacopo and Lorenzo Tiepolo 49 VI. Archaic Athena of Athens and Corinth 50 VII. Archaic, Central and Declining Art of Greece 72 VIII. The Apollo of Syracuse, and the Self-made Man 84 IX. Apollo Chrysocomes of Clazomenae 85 X. Marble Masonry in the Duomo of Verona 100 XI. The First Elements of Sculpture. Incised outline and opened space 101 XII. Branch of Phillyrea 109 XIII. Greek Flat relief, and sculpture by edged incision 111 XIV. Apollo and the Python. Heracles and the Nemean Lion 119 XV. Hera of Argos. Zeus of Syracuse 120 XVI. Demeter of Messene. Hera of Cnossus 121 XVII. Athena of Thurium. Siren Ligeia of Terina 121 XVIII. Artemis of Syracuse. Hera of Lacinian Cape 122 XIX. Zeus of Messene. Ajax of Opus 124 XX. Greek and Barbarian Sculpture 127 XXI. The Beginnings of Chivalry 129 PREFACE.