The principal ingredients in the collyrium _Diasmyrnes_, namely, myrrh (μῤῥυα or σμυρνα), was a drug to which important therapeutical virtues were formerly ascribed. It was applied in the treatment of various diseases. In reference to affections of the eye, it had the power, according to Dioscorides, of filling up ulcers of the organ, removing cicatrices and scales obstructing the pupil; and besides, it cured eruptions and granulations of the eyelids (oculorum ulcera complet, exteritque albugines, et ea quae pupillis tenebras offundunt; quin et scabritias seu asperitudines expolit).[506] Various collyria were used by the ancients, bearing the name of _Diasmyrnes_ or _Diasmyrnon_, from myrrh constituting their leading ingredient. Aetius has one of his long chapters on collyria headed “Collyria Diasmyrna et Chiaca appellata.”[507] Actuarius, in his section “De affectionibus Oculorum,” speaks of the collyria _Diasmyrna_ (quæ ex myrrha constant) in the plural number, and as well known in his time.[508] Paulus Ægineta, in discussing the treatment of hypopion or suppuration in the cornea, speaks of sometimes making the abscess burst; and, if so, then, he adds, “cleanse the ulcer by means of the more potent remedies, such as those called _Diasmyrna_,”[509] etc. Among his formulæ for individual collyria in his several books, he gives a receipt for the collyria _Diasmyrnes_. (Aldine edition, p. 118.) Galen gives several collyria _Diasmyrna_, as the _Diasmyrnum_ Odorum Synerotis,[510] the _Diasmyrnum_ Glaucidanum, and the _Diasmyrnum_ ex hæmatite.[511] And in his work _De Simplicium Medicamentorum Temperamentis ac Facultatibus_, he states, “Sed et collyria sunt plurima quæ medeantur suffusionibus, et maxime quod plurimam recipit myrrham, quale est quod a Democrate compositum est, quod vocant _Diasmyrnon_.”[512] The term _Lippitudo_ in this legend, and which we will find recurring in the sequel, was, according to Galen, anciently applied to that form of ophthalmy which consists of inflammation of the conjunctival covering of the cornea (lippitudo inflammatio est membranæ, quæ corneæ adnata est.)[513] But the term was also used to designate other forms or varieties of ophthalmic inflammation. The disease described by Celsus under the name of _Lippitudo_ appears (says a high modern authority on eye-diseases) to have been “catarrhal conjunctivitis.”[514] The same oculist speaks of Lippitudo as “an excoriation of the edges of the lids, or bleared eyes;” and he describes obliteration of the Meibomian follicles as the cause of incurable Lippitudo. 3. M. JULII. SATYRI DIALIBANU_m_ AD SUPPURAT_ionem_.—_M. Jul. Satyrus’ Dialibanum, or Incense collyrium, for Suppurative discharge from the eyes._