Frankincense (_thus_, λιβανος, λιβανωτος)[515] was frequently used by the ancient oculists in their collyria. According to Galen[516] and Paulus Ægineta,[517] in consequence of its detergent powers, it apparently cleanses and fills up ulcers in the eyes (expurgare et implere quæ in oculis consistunt ulcera videtur). It has the power, according to Oribasius, “astringendi, calefaciendi, _caliginem oculorum_ discutiendi, cava ulcera implendi, ad cicatricem perducendi,”[518] etc. Alexander Trallianus gives a formula for the collyrium _Dialibanum ad chemosim efficax_; and he describes the _Dialibanum_ as, like the Libanum, of much use in eye-diseases, and particularly for inflammations which are accompanied with ulceration (multi est usus, maxime ad inflammationes quae cum ulcere infestant).[519] Celsus recommends it in ulcers of the eye following pustules (fit quoque proprie ad hæc quod δια λιβανου vocatur).[520] Paulus Ægineta gives a formula for the _Dialibanum_, in his chapter on collyria.[521] Marcellus Empiricus, who offers two recipes for its composition, ascribes to it the power of being efficacious in the disease noted on our inscription, namely, “ad suppurationes oculorum.”[522] When speaking of the treatment of suppuration of the eye, Galen lays down the following indications for the use of the _Diasmyrnes_, and _Dialibanum_:—“At quando pus, quod in oculis est, digerere placet, collyriis quæ myrrham habent, maxime utemur; quæ utique et _Diasmyrna_ Græci proprie vocant; his certe minus, sed reliquis melius faciunt quæ _Dialibanum_ vocant.”[523] 4. (M): JUL: SATYRI PENIC_illum_ LENE EX OVO.—_M. Jul. Satyrus’ mild Penicillum; to be used with an egg._ The term _Penicillum_ has been found inscribed on several different Roman medical stamps, as upon specimens discovered at Vieux and Paris, each marked with _lene penicillum_; upon one discovered at Nais (_penicillum ad omnem lippitudinem_); and upon another at Famars. Its signification has given rise to several opinions somewhat differing from each other. M. Grivaud considers the _Penicillum_ indicated on the Roman medicine-stamps, to be merely a small brush or hair-pencil, such as is still used at the present day to wipe away the more viscid discharges that may be found adhering to the palpebræ and eyelashes.[524] According to M. Sichel, the _Penicillum_ consisted of a pledget or folds of charpie, which the ancient oculists used both for the purpose of cleansing the eyes, and of introducing into them soothing washes and collyria.[525] M. Eloi Johanneau,[526] and M. Duchalais,[527] describe the _Penicillum_ as a soft and fine sponge, employed in applying collyria to the diseased eye. Blancardi, in his _Lexicon Medicum_, defines the word _Penicillum_ as “lint reduced to charpie, and besmeared with ointment to be applied to ulcers.”