Archæology and the BibleBarton, George A. (George Aaron)
Religion
Archæology and the Bible
Barton, George A. (George Aaron)
Bible -- Antiquities; Egypt -- Antiquities; Middle East -- Antiquities
[If] a man rents a house for money, and pays the whole rent for a year
to the owner of the house, and the owner of the house orders that man
to vacate before the expiration of his lease, the owner of the house
from the money that he received shall ............
Unfortunately, the tablet is broken and the penalty for breaking the lease
is unknown. It is interesting to know that Babylonian tenants were
protected from avaricious landlords, even though no parallel law exists in
the Old Testament.
Two other sections of laws that once stood in this lacuna can now be
supplied from a considerably defaced tablet from Nippur in the University
Museum in Philadelphia, which once contained a part or all of the code of
Hammurapi. These sections are as follows:
A Bankrupt Law[464]
If a man borrows grain or money from a merchant and for the payment
has no grain or money, whatever is in his hand he shall in the
presence of the elders give to the merchant in place of the debt; the
merchant shall not refuse it; he shall receive it.
A Partnership Law[465]
If a man gives money to a man for a partnership, the gain and profit
that accrue are before the gods; together they shall do business.
The phrase “before the gods” means that the division shall be made on
oath. Commercial life was not sufficiently developed among the Hebrews so
that they needed such a law, consequently the Pentateuch contains no
parallel to this.
After the erasure of five columns the laws have to do with agents or
traveling salesmen.
Agents and Merchants
§ 100. [If an agent has received money from a merchant, he shall write
down the amount and the amount of] the interest on the money, and,
when the time has expired, he shall repay the merchant as much as he
has received.
§ 101. If where he goes he does not meet with success, the agent shall
double the amount of the money he received and return it to the
merchant.
§ 102. If a merchant gives money to an agent as a favor, and where he
goes he meets with misfortune, he shall restore the principal unto the
merchant.
§ 103. If on the road as he travels an enemy robs him of anything he
carries, the agent shall give an account of it under oath and shall be
innocent.
§ 104. If a merchant has given to an agent grain, wool, or oil, or
anything whatever to sell, the agent shall write down the price and
shall return the money to the merchant. The agent shall take a receipt
for the money which he gives to the merchant.
§ 105. If the agent is careless and does not take a receipt for the
money he gave the merchant, money not receipted for shall not be
placed to his account.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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