Archæology and the BibleBarton, George A. (George Aaron)
Religion
Archæology and the Bible
Barton, George A. (George Aaron)
Bible -- Antiquities; Egypt -- Antiquities; Middle East -- Antiquities
There is no mention in the laws of the Old Testament of this kind of
deposit, though, as already noted, it probably was sometimes practised.
Against Slandering Women
§ 127. If a man causes the finger to be pointed at the woman of a god
or the wife of a man and cannot prove it, they shall bring him before
the judges and they shall brand his forehead.
The nearest parallel to this in the Old Testament is in Deut. 22:13-21,
which is really quite a different law, for it applies only to cases where
men, when just married, slander their wives by charging them with previous
impurity. The Hebrew law provides a method of trial, a punishment for the
man, if guilty, and a much severer one for the woman, if the charge is
true. The two codes belong to quite a different legal development, as is
shown by the fact that the Babylonian law refers to “a woman of a god,”
_i. e._, one of the temple-women who, under certain religious rules,
represented in a concrete way the procreative power of the god.
This code recognizes several classes of these, as will appear later, but
Hebrew law forbade the existence of such women in Israel (Deut. 23:17).
Chastity, Marriage, and Divorce
§ 128. If a man takes a wife and does not execute contracts for her,
that woman is no wife.
§ 129. If the wife of a man is caught lying with another man, they
shall bind them and throw them into the water. If the husband of the
woman would let her live, or the king would let his subject live, he
may do so.
§ 130. If a man forces the betrothed wife of another who is living in
her father’s house and has not known a man, and lies in her loins and
they catch him, that man shall be put to death and that woman shall go
free.
§ 131. If the wife of a man is accused by her husband, and she has not
been caught lying with another man, she shall swear her innocence and
return to her house.
§ 132. If the finger has been pointed at the wife of a man because of
another man and she has not been caught lying with the other man, for
her husband’s sake she shall plunge into the sacred river.
§ 133. If a man is taken captive and there is food in his house, his
wife shall not go out from his house, her body she shall guard, into
the house of another she shall not enter. If that woman does not guard
her body and enters into the house of another, that woman they shall
prosecute and throw her into the water.
§ 134. If a man is taken captive and in his house there is no food,
and his wife enters into the house of another, that woman is not to
blame.
§ 135. If a man is taken captive and there is no food in his house and
his wife has openly entered into the house of another and borne
children, and afterwards her husband returns and reaches his city,
that woman shall return to her husband and the children shall follow
their father.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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