In Arthurian romance Elaine or Elen figures as the sister of Sir Tirre,[127] as the builder of the highest fortress in Arvon, and as sitting _lone_ or _alone_ in a sea-girt castle on a throne of ruddy gold. It is said that so transcendent was her beauty that it would be no more easy to look into her face than to gaze at the sun when his rays were most irresistible. It would thus seem that Howel, said to be Elen's brother, may be equated with _hoel_, the Celtic for _Sun_, and that Elen herself, like Diana, was the glorious twin-sister of Helios or Apollo. The principal relics of St. Helena are possessed by the city of _Treves_, and at _Therapne_ in Greece there was a special sanctuary of Helena the divinely fair daughter of Zeus and a swan. "Troy weight," so called, originated, it is supposed, from the droits or standards of a famous fair held at Troyes in France. From time immemorial Crete seems to have been associated with the symbol of the cross. This pre-Christian Cross of Crete was the equi-limbed Cross of St. John (Irish Shane) which form is also the Red Cross of St. George. In earlier times this cross was termed the Jack--a familiar form of "the John"--and it was also entitled "the Christopher". In India the cave temple of Madura, where Kristna[128]-worship is predominant, is cruciform, and the svastika or solar cross, a variant of John's Cross, is in one of its Indian forms known as the _Jaina_ cross and the talisman of the _Jaina_ kings. "It must never be forgotten," said a prince of the Anglican Church preaching recently at St. Paul's, "that the cross was primarily an instrument of torture." Among a certain school, who in Apostolic phrase deem themselves of all men most miserable, this conception is firmly fixed and seemingly it ever has been. It was Calvinistic doctrine that all pain and suffering came from the All Father, and that all pleasure and joy originated from the Evil One. Thus to Christianity the Latin Cross has been the symbol of misery and the concrete conception of Christian Ideal is the agonised Face of the Old Masters. This dismal verity was exemplified afresh by the melancholy poster which was recently scattered broadcast over England by the National Mission engineered by the Bishop of London. Even the Mexican cross, consisting of four hearts _vis a vis_ (Fig. D)--a form which occurs sometimes in Europe--has been daubed with imaginary gore, and with reference to this inoffensive emblem the author of _The Cross: Heathen and Christian_ complacently writes: "The lady to whom I have just alluded considers (and I think with great propriety) that the circle of crosses formed by groups of four hearts represents hearts sacrificed to the gods; the dot on each signifying blood".[2] [Illustration: A. EARLY CELTIC ISLE OF MAN AND IRELAND EARLY CELTIC BRITTANY CALLERNISH, HEBRIDES, restored (380 feet in length.) B. ETRURIA B. C. CRETE