D. MEXICO E. MEXICO FIG. 15.--From _The Cross: Heathen and Christian_ (Brock, M.).] But we shall meet with these same dots on prehistoric British cross-coins as also on the "spindle whorls" of the most ancient Troy, and it will be seen that, apart from the word _svastika_ which intrinsically means _it is well_, the svastika or pre-Christian cross was an emblem not of Melancholia but Joy. The English word _joy_ and the French word _jeu_ have, I think, been derived from _Jou_, just as jovial is traceable from Jove, and _joc_und to Jock or Jack. Pagans were the children of Joy and worshipped with a joyful noise before the Lord, and with sacred _jeux_ or games. The word _cross_ is in all probability the same as _charis_ which means _charity_, and akin to _chrestos_ which means good. Cres, the son of Jou, after whom the Cretans were termed Eteocretes, is an elementary form of Christopher, and the burning cross with which the legends state Christopher was tortured by being branded on the brow was more probably the Christofer or Jack--the Fiery Cross, with which irresistible talisman the clansmen of Albany were summoned together. Similarly the solar wheel of Katherine or The Pure One was supposed by the mediæval monks--whose minds were permanently bent on melancholia and torture--to have been some frightful implement of knives and spikes by which Kate or Kitt, the Pure Maiden, was torn into pieces. It will be seen in due course that almost every single "torture" sign of the supposed martyrs was in reality the pre-Christian emblem of some pagan divinity whence the saintly legends were ignorantly and mistakenly evolved. When the Saxon monks came into power, in the manner characteristic of their race, they "tarried" the old British monasteries and sacred mounds, bringing to light many curious and extraordinary things. At St. Albans they overthrew and filled up all the subterranean crypts of the ancient city as well as certain labyrinthine passages which extended even under the bed of the river. The most world-famous labyrinth was that at Gnossus which has not yet been uncovered, but every Etrurian place of any import had its accompanying catacombs, and in the chapter on "Dene holes" we shall direct attention to corresponding labyrinths which remain intact in England even to-day.