Archangel: The American War with RussiaCudahy, John
History
Archangel: The American War with Russia
Cudahy, John
World War, 1914-1918 -- Russia (Federation) -- Arkhangelʹsk
A great number of German prisoners and one hundred thousand Russian
laborers worked to complete the heroic enterprise. Experts predicted
that with the melting of the ice in spring, the tracks would
disappear in the marshes, but Goriatchkovshy had reckoned with the
elements. The Murman railway is operating today. It has a hauling
capacity of thirty-five hundred tons a day, the maximum handling
facilities of Murmansk port, and many a lonely soldier, snowbound in
North Russia, during the tragic winter of 1919, has the Murman
railway and its creator, Goriatchkovshy, to thank for the messages
from far off America, that came to Murmansk and were brought to
Archangel by Obozerskaya on the Vologda railway, and then relayed by
droshky and the faithful Russian pony to a solitary sentinel post
somewhere in the great white reaches of the interior.
Very close to the Murman road is Finland, which, because of its
remoteness from the Russian capital, had always exercised a limited
autonomy, and following the Kerensky Revolution of March, 1917,
announced by the action of the Finnish Diet, its complete
independence.
A civil war between Red Guards and White Guards for the control of
the government followed. It was no secret that from the beginning of
the European war the sympathies of the Finns were with Germany, and
now at the outbreak of this internal conflict in Finland, Germany
aligned with the White Guards against the revolutionary Reds who were
supported by the Bolsheviks.
At the beginning of April, 1918, three regiments of German rifles,
two batteries and three battalions of Jagers, under General von der
Goltz, landed at Hanko, and, cooperating with the White Finns,
suppressed the revolutionists, took possession of the port Viborg and
were in control of railway communication to Petrograd. But this
small expeditionary force never left the southern part of Finland,
and in August, when every German was needed in France, the greater
part of it left for the Western Front.
The campaign in Finland had no effect on the course of the war. Its
significance was unduly magnified by both sides.
It was a firm conviction in Allied Councils that the Germans had
immense forces in Finland, while the German Imperial Staff thought
that the insignificant hundreds that the British landed at Murmansk
in April, almost at the same time that the Germans entered the south
of Finland, were in large numbers, perhaps several Divisions.
Thus there existed a blindman's buff in Finland; both Commands in
startling ignorance of enemy salient facts, which is often the case
in the game of war where "uncertainty is the essence"; each supposed
the other was actively engaged in "recreating an Eastern Front,"
which, in concrete application, meant the recruiting of hundreds of
thousands of Russians to press on from the East and fill in the
war-wasted gaping ranks of Germany or the Allies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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