Archeological investigations in New Mexico, Colorado, and UtahFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Archeological investigations in New Mexico, Colorado, and Utah
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Colorado -- Antiquities; Indians of North America -- Antiquities; New Mexico -- Antiquities; Utah -- Antiquities
In attempting to connect the oval form of Fire House with the
rectangular form of Sikyatki we are met with the difficulty of
architectural dissimilarity. Fire House is circular, Sikyatki is
rectangular. If the descendants of the inhabitants of Fire House later
constructed Sikyatki, why did they make this radical change in the
form of their dwellings? They may have constructed a habitation en
route before they reached Sikyatki, and this village may have had a
form like Fire House. On the Hopi plateau above Sikyatki there are
two conical mounds visible for a long distance as one approaches East
Mesa from the mouth of Keam’s Canyon, which should be considered in
this connection. These mounds, called Kükütcomo, are connected in
Hopi legends with those of Sikyatki at the foot of the mesa on which
they stand, and the buildings they cover are said once to have been
inhabited by the Coyote (Fire?) clan of eastern kinship. They have not
been excavated completely but several rooms have been opened up enough
to show that they are round towers or kivas with rooms annexed to their
bases. They resemble, in fact, circular ruins and may well have been
the home of some of the people who abandoned Fire House. They must
be considered in discussing the reliability of the legend, for they
are the only circular houses yet reported from the Hopi country. The
reason why this form of house was abandoned can not be determined with
any certainty, even though some of the clans from Fire House may have
built the round towers above Sikyatki. The only other round room known
to me in the Hopi country, besides Kükütcomo, is one in a ruin in the
Oraibi Valley mentioned by Victor Mindeleff (_op. cit._). The reference
is very meager and on account of its exceptional character should be
verified. Assuming the observation as correct it may be said that this
so-called circular room lies embedded in a mass of rectangular rooms
and not as kivas in the inhabited Hopi pueblos in the plazas free from
houses.
The legends of the Snake people of Walpi who came from the San Juan
near Navaho Mountain, probably Betatakin or Kitsiel, distinctly state
that their ancestors built both round and square or “five-cornered”
houses. The rooms referred to are believed to be kivas, since another
legend declares the earliest snake ceremonies were performed in
circular rooms. After visiting Fire House the author desired greatly to
find other oval ruins between it and the zone of circular ruins, but
his efforts were not successful.
SEARCH FOR HOPI RUINS EAST OF TEBUNGKI
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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