Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New MexicoFewkes, Jesse Walter
History
Archeology of the lower Mimbres valley, New Mexico
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Mimbres River Valley (N.M.) -- Antiquities
_Antelope._—There are two[38] figures of an animal with branching
horns,[39] supposed to be an antelope, an animal formerly common in
Mimbres Valley. In one of these (fig. 19) the head is held downward
as if the animal were feeding; in the other (fig. 20) the neck is
extended. A pair of markings on the neck are identical with those on
pictures of the antelope still painted on modern pottery made by the
Zuñi. A band, resembling a checkerboard, is drawn across the body of
one; on the other are parallel lines.
[Illustration: FIG. 20.—Antelope. Osborn Ruin. Diam. 10″.]
Another figure referred to as an antelope appears to represent a young
fawn, since, while it has all the characteristics of this animal, the
horns are wanting. This specimen (fig. 21) was found at Oldtown. The
rectangular shape so often given to the bodies of animals drawn on
Mimbres pottery is well shown in this specimen.
[Illustration: FIG. 21.—Fawn. Oldtown Ruin.]
[Illustration: FIG. 22.—Rabbit. Oldtown Ruin. Diam. 7½″.]
_Mountain Sheep._—It is evident from the form of the unbranched horns,
the slender legs, and the head, that either a mountain sheep or
mountain goat was intended to be represented in plate 2, figure 2. The
markings on the body are symbolic, suggesting lightning, and it may
be added that the Hopi depict the lightning on the artificial horns
mounted on caps and worn by them in presentations of dances in which
they personate mountain sheep.
_Rabbit or Hare._—The pictured representation (fig. 31) of a quadruped
whose hindlegs are larger than the forelegs and whose long backward
extending ears are prominent features, probably represents a rabbit or
a hare. The eyes recall figures of birds depicted on bowls from the
Little Colorado ruins in Arizona, where eyes are depicted on one side
of the head in violation of a law of perspective in which only one eye
can appear on a lateral view. The figure appears to have a tuft of
grass in the mouth. The geometric markings on the body are different
from those of any known species of rabbit and belong to the category of
symbolic designs.
[Illustration: FIG. 23.—Mountain lion or wild cat. (Osborn collection.)]
[Illustration: FIG. 25.—Bird E. Osborn Ruin. (Osborn collection.)]
The author excavated at Oldtown a food bowl, the figure on which was
undoubtedly intended for a rabbit (fig. 22). The head, ears, body,
legs, and tail are well made, leaving no question of the intention of
the artist; but if there were any doubt of the identification it is
dispelled by the representation of the mouth, on which the sensitive
hairs or bristles are represented.
_Mountain Lion._—One of the Oldtown bowls is decorated with a
representation of the wild cat or mountain lion, and is a fair example
of archaic design (fig. 23). The feature that distinguished this
quadruped is the position of the tail which, like those of Pueblo
pictures of mountain lions or cats, is bent forward over the back.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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