Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Some of the finest Greek houses are by provincial architects. One such
is stone-built Hyde Hall in Cooperstown, N.Y., very crisp and severe as
it was remodelled in 1833 by Philip Hooker (1766-1836) of Albany, who
had built it originally in 1811. Still others are of uncertain
authorship, notably the Alsop house of 1838 in Middletown, Conn. This is
a symmetrical Grecian villa almost worthy of Schinkel’s Potsdam, with
very fine murals on the exterior as well as inside. The Alsop house (now
the Davison Art Centre of Wesleyan University) was probably designed by
a relative of the family who had access to the resources of the Town &
Davis office; however, the painters employed were Italian or German. The
Wooster-Boalt house of 1848 in Norwalk, Ohio, indicates the late
continuance of real restraint and sophistication of design in the Middle
West, something already lost in the sumptuous mansions of New Orleans
and the Deep South. But many Middle Western houses illustrate rather the
surprising elasticity of Carpenters’ Grecian.
A mode that approaches the German _Rundbogenstil_—indeed, in the work of
such foreign-trained architects as the Prague-born Leopold Eidlitz
(1823-1908) relatively authentic examples of that mode—was not uncommon
in the America of the mid century.[99] The Astor Library in Lafayette
Street opposite Colonnade Row, built by A. Saelzer in 1849, was a good
example. Less successful was Appleton Chapel at Harvard College in
Cambridge, Mass., by Paul Schulze (1827-97), who sent over the drawings
from Germany, and later settled in America. Begun in 1856, this was a
very reduced version of Gärtner’s Ludwigskirche in Munich with only one
tower. However, the largest and finest example was by a precocious
student at Brown University, Thomas A. Tefft (1826-59).[100] This was
the Union Station in Providence, begun in 1848 and gradually carried out
by Bucklin and his partner Talman (Plate 44). This station rivalled in
extent and in the distinction and ingenuity of its rather Lombardic
Romanesque detailing, simply executed with ordinary red brick, the
German ones by Eisenlohr and Bürklein in Baden and Bavaria; without much
question it was the finest early station in the New World. Tefft also
designed various New England churches of somewhat similar character, all
dominated by very tall and simple spires. However, his churches in the
East are outrivalled by such a Middle Western example as the Union
Methodist in St Louis, built by George I. Barnett (1815-98) in 1852-4.
Tefft’s best works, other than the station, are not _Rundbogenstil_ but
Barryesque; such is the brownstone Tully-Bowen house on Benefit Street
in Providence of 1852-3, for example. Others were building as fine ones
there, however. The consistent use of brownstone and red brick well
illustrates the sharp reaction that had set in by his time against the
pale tones and untextured surfaces of the Greek Revival.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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