Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Victor Baltard’s church of Saint-Augustin, also of 1860-7, is not
located, like the Gothic edifices by Lassus and Viollet-le-Duc, in a
working-class district or suburb, but occupies a very prominent if
awkwardly narrow triangular site in the Boulevard Malesherbes near its
intersection with the Boulevard Haussmann. Considering the success of
his Central Markets, it is not surprising that Baltard used iron here;
but he did so with much less consistency and thoroughness than Boileau
had done at Saint-Eugène (see Chapter 7). The arched iron principals of
the roof accord very ill with the Romanesquoid-Renaissance design of the
masonry structure below. The front, with its great rose window, is
somewhat more effective. At least it provides a strong urbanistic focus
among the standardized ranges of blocks of flats that line the
boulevards in this quarter. Two other big Parisian churches are similar
in quality although quite different in appearance. Ballu, in addition to
finishing Sainte-Clotilde, built both Saint-Ambroise in the Boulevard
Voltaire, which is certainly more plausibly Romanesque than
Saint-Augustin, and also La Trinité in the Rue de la Chaussée d’Antin,
which is much less plausibly _François I_ than his later work at the
Hôtel de Ville. La Trinité was built in 1861-7, Saint-Ambroise in
1863-9. Both are vast and pretentious, but neither has much positive
character. Like so many comparable examples of the eclecticism of this
period in other countries, it is by their faults and not by any
characteristic virtues that they are readily recognizable as products of
the Second Empire.
Two Romanesquoid churches less prominently located, and hence less well
known, are considerably more interesting. One is the parish church of
Charenton, Seine, built by Claude Naissant (1801-79) in 1857-9; this is
clearly composed and detailed with a somewhat eclectic elegance not
unworthy of Labrouste or Duban. Much larger is Notre-Dame-de-la-Croix in
the Rue Julien-Lacroix in the Menilmontant quarter of Paris. Built by
L.-J.-A. Héret (1821-99), a pupil of Lebas, in 1862-80, this is a
cruciform edifice with the vaulting ribs all of openwork iron like those
of Saint-Augustin. For archaeological plausibility it compares not
unfavourably with Questel’s church at Nîmes, begun some twenty years
earlier, in the design of the masonry portions of the structure.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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