Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Two churches by Street, St John’s at Torquay of 1861-71[227] and St
Philip and St James’s at Oxford, which was completed in 1862, are more
standard products of the early sixties. The former is notable for the
very rich marble polychromy in the chancel and the full complement of
windows by Morris and Burne-Jones; the latter is more ‘Early French’
with a tall tower rising in front of the polygonal apse and a curiously
unorthodox but effectively ‘real’ way of running the nave arches into
the east wall with no imposts at all. This device was repeated at All
Saints’, Clifton, now a ruin, where the variety of colours of the fine
local stones—orange and blue Pennant and cream Bath—permitted a more
truly structural polychromy than usual and one of remarkable tonal
harmony and elegance. All Saints’ was begun in 1863.
Both Burges and Pearson erected distinguished churches at this time,
Burges in Ireland, Pearson in London. St Finbar’s Church of Ireland
Cathedral in Cork, designed in 1863 for a competition and built in
1865-76, is of unusual size for a British church of this period and,
what is more unusual for a nineteenth-century cathedral, it was
completed without serious modification of the original project. Provided
with a fine open site and a full complement of towers, two flanking the
west front and a taller one over the crossing, this rivals in
elaboration the big Continental Gothic churches of the period (see
Chapter 11). Moreover, the detailing is of a distinctly French
twelfth-century order with very few eclectic or Italianate touches, thus
recalling the winning design for Lille Cathedral that he had prepared
with Clutton in 1855. Yet the contrast with contemporary Continental
Gothic—especially with Lille Cathedral as finally executed by others—is
almost as great as in the case of the rather more original English
churches of this period by Butterfield or Street.
In the interior of St Finbar’s Burges developed the theme of
articulation, a theme more characteristically Early English than ‘Early
French’, with remarkable plastic vigour, while the handsome wooden roof,
so rare a feature in medieval France, lends to the whole an unmistakably
Victorian air. Less subtle, less aesthetic, than other churches of the
sixties by younger men, St Finbar’s has the sort of athletic strength
that is characteristic of much High Victorian Gothic, expressed in
unusually literate, not to say archaeological, terms.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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