Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
The Covent Garden Theatre in London was rebuilt in 1808-9 by Smirke.
This pupil of Soane had, like Wilkins, seen ancient Greek buildings with
his own eyes and generally aimed to imitate them very closely. His
theatre was somewhat less correct than the Cambridge college, but
despite the castles he had built it was Smirke rather than Wilkins who
carried forward the Grecian mode at its most rigid through four more
decades (see Chapter 4). Wilkins, however, at Grange Park in Hampshire
in 1809 had shown, as C.-E. de Beaumont (1757-1811) had done at a
country house called ‘Le Temple de Silence’ just before the Revolution
in France, how the accommodations of a fair-sized mansion could be
squeezed inside the temple form (admittedly with some violence to the
latter). Grange Park provided an early paradigm of a Grecian domestic
mode destined to be curiously popular at the fringes of the western
world in America, in Sweden, and in Russia, but very rarely employed in
more sophisticated regions (see Chapter 5). The house was much modified
by later enlargements of 1823-5 by S. P. Cockerell and of 1852 by his
son C. R. Cockerell (1788-1863).
Grecian design descended slowly to the world of the builders. The
relatively restricted urban house-building of the two decades before
Waterloo maintained a close resemblance to that of the 1780s. Russell
Square in London, built up by James Burton (1761-1837) in the first
decade of the new century, does not differ notably from Bedford Square
of twenty years earlier—probably by Thomas Leverton (1743-1824)—except
that the façades are smoother and plainer. But a still greater crispness
of finish could be, and increasingly was, obtained by covering terrace
houses—as for that matter most suburban villas also by this time—with
stucco. In this respect the work of some unknown designer in Euston
Square in London, which was built up at the same time as Russell Square,
may be happily contrasted with Burton’s (which has in any case been much
corrupted by the introduction around 1880 of terracotta door and window
casings).
In industrial construction, such as the warehouses by William Jessop at
the West India Docks, begun in 1799, and those by D. A. Alexander
(1768-1846) at the London Docks, begun in 1802, the grandeur and
simplicity characteristic of Romantic Classicism can be seen at their
best.[22] These warehouses also presage the importance of commercial
building in a world increasingly concerned with business (see Chapter
14).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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