Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
In Berlin, in the later twenties, Schinkel was also remodelling and
redecorating palaces for Frederick William’s brothers, major works in
scale but rather limited in architectural interest.[50] More
characteristic of Schinkel’s best Grecian manner is the somewhat later
palace for Prince William built in 1834-5 by the younger Langhans (K.
F., 1781-1869). This architect’s still later theatre at Breslau, begun
in 1843, is worth mention at this point and also the old Russian Embassy
of 1840-1 in Berlin by Eduard Knoblauch (1801-65), but Schinkel’s
comparable work is fifteen years earlier.
At Potsdam, even though much of what he did there also consisted of
enlarging earlier buildings, Schinkel was freer than in Berlin.
Collaboration with the gardener P. J. Lenné (1789-1866), who provided
superb naturalistic settings in the tradition of the English garden, may
have encouraged a looser and less Classical sort of composition. In many
views, Charlottenhof with its dominating Greek Doric portico, remodelled
from 1826 on as the residence of the Crown Prince, may appear a
sufficiently conventional Greek Revival country house. But if one
considers the planning of the house and its close relation to the raised
terrace, and also the relation to the solid block of the open
pergola—’an object of nature’ in Durand’s special sense—one sees that
here, as earlier at the Zivilcasino, but from no necessity enforced by
the site, Schinkel sought to apply the most stringent sort of
geometrical order to an asymmetrical composition. For this, of course,
the Erechtheum and to some extent the Propylaea on the Akropolis, those
two fifth-century Greek examples of Romantic Classicism, provided
precedents. At Schloss Glienecke near by, also begun in 1826 for another
Prussian prince, Karl, whose palace in Berlin he was remodelling too,
the Athenian derivation is very patent in the later belvedere of 1837
based on the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates. But it is the asymmetrical
massing of carefully organized elements here that reveals the extent to
which Schinkel was able to absorb and actually to synthesize with the
discipline of Romantic Classicism one of the major formal innovations of
the Picturesque. The bold off-centre location of the tower actually
makes of this a sort of Italian Villa in the Cronkhill sense.
In the enlargement of the medieval Kolberg Town Hall in Pomerania, begun
in 1829, Schinkel employed secular Late Gothic in a version as stiff and
mechanical as that of Gärtner’s Wittelsbach Palace a decade later. A
remarkable centrally-planned Hunting Lodge, built for Prince Radziwill
at Ostrowo in 1827, on the other hand, illustrated a bold attempt to
apply the principles of Durandesque structural rationalism to building
in timber; the result is very different indeed from the contemporary
American, Russian, and Swedish houses of wood that were designed as
copies of marble temples.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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