Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
It is impossible and unnecessary to follow Romantic Classicism to all
the other German centres. At Darmstadt the Classical Ludwigskirche of
1822-7 by Georg Moller (1784-1852),[55] a pupil of Weinbrenner, is a
handsome circular edifice with an internal colonnade below the dome.
Thus it is rather like the ‘central space’ in Schinkel’s Museum, but
more broadly proportioned. A boldly arched entrance of almost Ledolcian
character is set against the external circumference of blank wall rather
than the more usual temple portico. The Artillery Barracks at Darmstadt
of 1825-7 by Moller’s pupil Franz Heger (1792-1836) provided a notably
early example of the _Rundbogenstil_. Comparable was August Busse’s
Castellated Zellengefängnis in Berlin of 1842-9, the first German
example of a penitentiary radially planned and with individual cells
(see Chapter 5). Stüler’s destroyed Trinitatiskirche in Cologne, a
Persius-like Early Christian basilica completed in 1860, was much finer
than his Berlin churches (see Chapter 9).
Also _Rundbogenstil_, but of a more medievalizing order, was Semper’s
Synagogue of 1838-41 in Dresden. Its centralized massing is
uncharacteristically plastic. His Palais Oppenheim there of 1845-8 at
9-11 An der Bürgerwiese, based on Raphael’s Pandolfini Palace, was a
handsome and very ‘correct’ example of the international Renaissance
Revival to be compared, like de Meuron’s house in Hamburg, with Barry’s
London clubhouses. The Cholera Fountain of 1843 in Dresden was Gothic,
however, providing further evidence of Semper’s rather directionless
eclecticism at this time.
[Illustration:
Figure 8. Gottfried Semper: Dresden, Opera House (first), 1837-41,
plan
]
His principal works of this period were the first Opera House[56] in
Dresden of 1837-41, where Wagner’s early triumphs took place, burnt and
rebuilt by Semper later, and the nearby Art Gallery of 1847-54 which
completed so unhappily the circuit of the marvellous Rococo Zwinger by
Daniel Pöppelmann. The one was a rather festive, the other a rather
solemn example of the Renaissance Revival; both are more notable for
their planning and their general organization than for any visual
distinction (Figure 8). The Opera House in Hanover, built by G. L. F.
Laves (1789-1864) in 1845-52, is less original in plan but more sober,
even a bit Schinkelesque, in design (Plate 14B). Its interior has been
completely done over since it was bombed in the Second World War.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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