Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Gärtner and the Hansens set the pace for a local Greek Revival
vernacular of a rather North European order. In its detail this
vernacular sometimes exceeds in delicacy that of the later centuries of
antiquity, as illustrated here in the Stoa of Attalos in the Agora—at
least as that has lately been reconstructed—or the Arch of Hadrian. Not
all of the new construction was Grecian, however: Klenze’s Roman
Catholic Cathedral (Aghios Dionysios) in University Street is a basilica
with Renaissance detail, built in 1854-63; the modest English Church of
1840-3 is rather feebly Gothic and reputedly based on a design provided
by C. R. Cockerell that was much modified in execution.
Of the leading Greek architects of the period, Lyssander Kaftanzoglou
(1812-85), Stamathios Kleanthis (1802-62), and Panajiotis Kalkos
(1800?-1870?), only Kleanthis was German-trained. This talented pupil of
Schinkel followed his master’s Italianate rather than his Grecian line,
and the house he built in 1840 for the Duchesse de Plaisance on Kiffisia
Avenue (now the Byzantine Museum) is a distinguished example of a
Durandesque Italian villa, with simple arcading front and rear and low
corner towers. Kaftanzoglou, trained at the École de Beaux-Arts in Paris
and in Milan, was somewhat less able; but the large quadrangular Grecian
structure that he designed in the fifties and built in 1862-80 to house
the Polytechneion in Patissia Street more than rivals the academic
buildings by the Hansens in University Street in the careful ordering of
its parts and the correct elegance of its details. Of Kalkos’s work
little remains in good condition today.
The new capital of remote Greece possesses more, and on the whole more
impressive, Romantic Classical buildings than do Vienna and Budapest,
capitals of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In them ambitious urbanistic
projects were initiated only later after the accession of Francis Joseph
in 1848. The Theseus Temple in the Volksgarten in Vienna of 1821-3 by
Peter von Nobile (1774-1854),[58] a Swiss who had made his reputation in
Trieste, is hardly more than a large Grecian garden ornament
conscientiously copying the fifth-century Hephaisteion in Athens line
for line. His nearby Burgtor, begun the following year, is much worthier
in its heavy, almost Sanmichelian, way. More characteristic, however, is
the work of Joseph Kornhäusel (1782-1860) and of Paul Sprenger
(1798-1854).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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