Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuriesHitchcock, Henry-Russell
History
Architecture : $b nineteenth and twentieth centuries
Hitchcock, Henry-Russell
Architecture, Modern -- 19th century; Architecture, Modern -- 20th century
Kornhäusel’s Schottenhof, opening off the Schottengasse, is a housing
development built in 1826-32 in collaboration with Joseph Adelpodinger
(1778-1849). This is of extraordinary extent and arranged very regularly
around several large internal courts. The smooth stucco walls,
restricted ornamentation, and regular fenestration, brought out to the
wall surface by double windows, can be matched in many streets of the
city that were built up in these decades. Behind such a façade in the
Seitenstettengasse lies Kornhäusel’s elegant but rather modest Synagogue
of 1825-6. This has an elliptical dome and an internal colonnade that
carries a narrow gallery. Much richer is his rectangular main hall of
1823-4 in the Albertina; as has been noted, this palace had already been
enlarged in 1801-4 in Romantic Classical style by Montoyer. Kornhäusel’s
hall is finished in mirror and in pale yellow and pale mauve scagliola
with chalk-white Grecian details and sandstone statues of the Muses by
J. Klieber.
With Kornhäusel all is classical; Sprenger, on the other hand, employed
a rather tight version of the _Rundbogenstil_, more Renaissance than
medievalizing, for his considerably later Mint of 1835-7 in the Heumarkt
in Vienna. More original, and with charming arched window-frames of
terracotta in delicate floral bands, is his Landeshauptmannschaft of
1846-8 at 11 Herrengasse. This contrasts happily with the Diet of Lower
Austria, projected in 1832-3 and built in 1837-44 by Luigi Pichl
(1782-1856), next door at No. 13, a rather heavy and conventional
example of Romantic Classicism; so also does No. 17, a very simple block
originally built by Moreau for the Austro-Hungarian Bank in 1821-3. The
later bank building across the Herrengasse at No. 14, built by Heinrich
von Ferstel (1828-83) in 1856-60, well illustrates the modulation of the
_Rundbogenstil_ here, as in Germany, towards richer and more Gothicizing
forms after the mid century. The glass-roofed passage extending through
this to the Freyung is still very attractive, despite its shabby
condition, and worthy of comparison with other extant examples of
passages elsewhere in the Old and New Worlds (see Chapters 3, 5, and 8).
The great nineteenth-century Viennese building campaign of Francis
Joseph began in 1849 with the initiation of the Arsenal. There the outer
ranges (now mostly destroyed by bombing) were completed in 1855 from
designs by Edward Van der Nüll (1812-65), a pupil of Nobile and
Sprenger, and his partner August Siccard von Siccardsburg (1813-68). The
Army Museum of 1850-6 is by Ludwig Foerster (1797-1863) and Theophil von
Hansen (who had married Forster’s daughter after moving from Athens to
Vienna), and the chapel of 1853-5 is by Karl Rosner (1804-59). These are
all in slightly varying _Rundbogenstil_ modes, and they show, like
Ferstel’s bank, the changed taste of the mid century, most notably in
their rather violent brick polychromy (see Chapter 8).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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