Produced by Chris Curnow, Sam W. and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net _ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOKS OF ART HISTORY_ _OF ALL AGES_ ARCHITECTURE CLASSIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN BY PROFESSOR T. ROGER SMITH, F.R.I.B.A. AND JOHN SLATER, B.A., F.R.I.B.A. [Illustration: THE PARTHENON AT ATHENS, AS IT WAS IN THE TIME OF PERICLES, _circa_ B.C. 438.] _ILLUSTRATED HANDBOOKS OF ART HISTORY_ ARCHITECTURE CLASSIC AND EARLY CHRISTIAN BY T. ROGER SMITH, F.R.I.B.A. _Professor of Architecture, University Coll. London_ AND JOHN SLATER, B.A., F.R.I.B.A. [Illustration: ATRIUM OF A ROMAN MANSION.] LONDON SAMPSON LOW, MARSTON, SEARLE, & RIVINGTON CROWN BUILDINGS, 188, FLEET STREET 1882. [_All rights reserved._] LONDON. PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS. PREFACE. This handbook is intended to give such an outline of the Architecture of the Ancient World, and of that of Christendom down to the period of the Crusades, as, without attempting to supply the minute information required by the professional student, may give a general idea of the works of the great building nations of Antiquity and the Early Christian times. Its chief object has been to place information on the subject within the reach of those persons of literary or artistic education who desire to become in some degree acquainted with Architecture. All technicalities which could be dispensed with have been accordingly excluded; and when it has been unavoidable that a technical word or phrase should occur, an explanation has been added either in the text or in the glossary; but as this volume and the companion one on Gothic and Renaissance Architecture are, in effect, two divisions of the same work, it has not been thought necessary to repeat in the glossary given with this part the words explained in that prefixed to the other.