BASE.--(1) The foot of a column; (2) sometimes that of a buttress or wall. [Illustration: FIG. _G_.--BASE OF EARLY ENGLISH SHAFT.] [Illustration: FIG. _H_.--BASE OF PERPENDICULAR SHAFT.] [Illustration: FIG. _I_.--BASE OF DECORATED SHAFT.] BASILICA.--(1) A Roman public hall; (2) an early Christian church, similar to a Roman basilica in disposition. BASTION (in Fortification).--A bold projecting mass of building, or earthwork thrown out beyond the general line of a wall. BATTLEMENT.--A notched or indented parapet. BAY.--One of the compartments in a building which is made up of several repetitions of the same group of features; _e.g._, in a church the space from one column of the nave arcade to the next is a bay. BAY-WINDOW.--A window projecting outward from the wall. It may be rectangular or polygonal. It must be built up from the ground. If thrown out above the ground level, a projecting window is called an Oriel. (See Bow window.) BEAD.--A small moulding of circular profile. BELFRY.--A chamber fitted to receive a peal of bells. BELFRY STAGE.--The story of a tower where the belfry occurs. Usually marked by large open arches or windows, to let the sound escape. BELL (of a capital).--The body between the necking and the abacus (which see). BILLET MOULDING.--A moulding consisting of a group of small blocks separated by spaces about equal to their own length. BLIND STORY.--Triforium (which see). BOSS.--A projecting mass of carving placed to conceal the intersection of the ribs of a vault, or at the end of a string course which it is desired to stop, or in an analogous situation. BOW WINDOW.--Similar to a Bay-window (which see), but circular or segmental. BROACH-SPIRE.--A spire springing from a tower without a parapet and with pyramidal features at the feet of its four oblique sides (see Fig. 22) to connect them to the four angles of the tower. BROACHEAD (SPIRE).--Formed as above described. BUTTRESS.--A projection built up against a wall to create additional strength or furnish support (see Flying Buttress). BYZANTINE.--The round-arched Christian architecture of the Eastern Church, which had its origin in Byzantium (Constantinople). CANOPY.--(1) An ornamented projection over doors, windows, &c.; (2) a covering over niches, tombs, &c. CAMPANILE.--The Italian name for a bell-tower. [Illustration: FIG. _J_.--BUTTRESS.] CAPITAL.--The head of a column or pilaster (Figs. _L_ to _P_). CATHEDRAL.--A church which contains the seat of a bishop; usually a building of the first class. CERTOSA.--A monastery (or church) of Carthusian monks. CHAMFER.--A slight strip pared off from a sharp angle. CHANCEL.--The choir or eastern part of a church.