Transcriber’s Note Italic text displayed as: _italic_ ARCTIC EXPLORATION [Illustration: SAILING THE ARCTIC SEAS] ARCTIC EXPLORATION BY J. DOUGLAS HOARE WITH EIGHTEEN ILLUSTRATIONS AND FOUR MAPS NEW YORK E. P. DUTTON & CO. 1906 CONTENTS CHAP. PAGE I. EARLY VOYAGES 1 II. FROM HUDSON TO PHIPPS AND NELSON 17 III. THE VOYAGE OF BUCHAN AND FRANKLIN 30 IV. ROSS’S FAILURES AND PARRY’S SUCCESSES 35 V. FRANKLIN’S FIRST OVERLAND JOURNEY 45 VI. PARRY’S LAST NORTH-WEST VOYAGES 64 VII. FRANKLIN’S SECOND LAND JOURNEY 70 VIII. PARRY’S NORTH-POLAR VOYAGE 79 IX. ROSS’S ADVENTURES IN THE “VICTORY” 86 X. BACK’S TWO JOURNEYS 95 XI. THE DISCOVERIES OF DEASE AND SIMPSON 102 XII. FRANKLIN’S LAST VOYAGE 116 XIII. RAE AND THE BOOTHIA PENINSULA 122 XIV. THE FRANKLIN SEARCH BEGUN 129 XV. THE VOYAGES OF COLLINSON AND M’CLURE 137 XVI. BELCHER AND THE FRANKLIN SEARCH 150 XVII. RAE’S JOURNEYS OF 1851-53 159 XVIII. M’CLINTOCK AND THE “FOX” 168 XIX. THE VOYAGES OF KANE AND HAYES 182 XX. HALL AND THE “POLARIS” 192 XXI. THE “GERMANIA” AND THE “HANSA” 200 XXII. THE VOYAGE OF THE “TEGETTHOFF” 207 XXIII. NARES AND SMITH SOUND 215 XXIV. THE GREELY TRAGEDY 223 XXV. NORDENSKIÖLD AND HIS WORK 235 XXVI. THE STORY OF THE “JEANNETTE” 244 XXVII. LEIGH SMITH AND THE “EIRA” 252 XXVIII. GREENLAND AND THE EARLIER JOURNEYS OF NANSEN AND PEARY 257 XXIX. THE JACKSON-HARMSWORTH EXPEDITION 270 XXX. NANSEN AND THE “FRAM” 278 XXXI. CONWAY AND ANDRÉE 287 XXXII. THE LATER VOYAGES OF SVERDRUP AND PEARY 293 XXXIII. OTHER RECENT EXPEDITIONS—ABRUZZI, WELLMANN, AND TOLL 301 INDEX 309 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE SAILING THE ARCTIC SEAS _Frontispiece_ From an old print AN OLD MAP OF THE POLAR REGIONS 1 From “Narborough’s Voyages,” 1694