Albanian Workers' Party (_see also_ Central Committee, Central Commission on Education, Directorate of, Politburo, Secretariat): v, 1; activists and agitators, 107, 125, 128, 129; book publishing, 134; communication channels, 125; Conference, 114; Congress, 113; control over people and institutions, 2, 93-94, 111, 135, 137, 140, 142, 146, 147, 176, 185-86, 192-93, 194; and the courts, 107; discipline, 114; economic goal, 145; founded, 17; institutes, 117; mass organizations as levers of, 117-18; members in security forces, 193; membership, 115; national and regional organization, 111-15; operations, 115-16; organization within armed forces, 175; political power, 103-04, 106; religious policy, 100; schools, 116-17; slogan, 181; Stalinist methods, 121; statutes, 113-14, 115, 116, 118, 128 Albanian Writers' Union: 56 Ali, Hafez Musa Haxhi (religious leader): 98 Alia, Ramiz (Politburo secretary): 111, 112 alphabet, Albanian: 49, 56, 83 American Agricultural School (Kavaje): 84 American Junior Red Cross: 84 American Technical School (Tirana): 84 anti-Communists: organizations, 18; records on, 195 Antoniu, Kristaq (singer): 142 Apponyi, Geraldine (wife of Zog I): 16 area: vii, 1, 25 armed forces (_see also_ People's Army): chief of staff, 180; civilian activities, 152, 181; decorations, 187-88; defense budget, 191; equipment, 175, 179, 181-82, 183, 184; foreign aid, 175-79 _passim_, 190; historical background, 177-79; medical services, 187; military courts, 108; military schools, 186-87; mission, 181; mobilization potential, 185; Party control of, 111, 185-86; Party organization within, 115, 175; political indoctrination of, 185-86, 190; rank designations, 175, 180; resistance to Italian occupation, 178-79; strength, 175, 181, 183, 184; summary, ix Army of National Liberation: 18, 64, 111 arts, fine: 142-43 Asdreni, ---- (poet): 139 Austria-Hungary: 14 authority: under communism, 68; traditional attitude toward, 67, 71 automobiles: 65 Bajraktari, Muharem (chieftain): 72 _bajraktars_ (tribal chieftains): 67, 71, 74 balance of trade, 171 Balli Kombetar (National Front): 18, 74, 139; supporters, 72 Balluku, Beqir (min. of defense): 111, 180 banking: 168-69 _Bashkimi_ (newspaper): 129, 130 (table 7) Bektashi (religious group): 97, 98 Belishova, Liri (former Politburo member): 23 _besa_ (pledge): 53 _beys_: 2, 5, 10, 13, 17, 72, 73, 74; creation of the class, 95; during civil war, 74; seizure of their land, 21; social position, 67, 70, 73 bibliography: 197-207 bicycles: 65 birth rate: 51 books: publishing and distribution, 133-34 boundaries: 25, 26, 31-33; border security (_see_ Frontier Guards); potential for dispute, 4, 9, 31; settlement (1913), 14, 25 Broz, Josip (Tito): 19, 21, 22, 122