E-text prepared by Barbara Kosker, Juliet Sutherland, and Project Gutenberg the Online Distributed Proofreading Team (http://www.pgdp.net) Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original maps and charts. See 32627-h.htm or 32627-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/32627/pg32627-images.html) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/files/32627/32627-h.zip) Transcriber's note: In the footnotes to Table 20, two subsrcipted numbers are represented as _{2} and _{5}. AREA HANDBOOK FOR BULGARIA _Coauthors_ Eugene K. Keefe Violeta D. Baluyut William Giloane Anne K. Long James M. Moore, Jr. Neda A. Walpole Research completed August 1973 First Edition Published 1974 DA Pam 550-168 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Keefe, Eugene K. Area handbook for Bulgaria. "DA Pam 550-168." "One of a series of handbooks prepared by Foreign Area Studies (FAS) of the American University." Bibliography: p. 301-316 Supt. of Docs. no.: D 101.22:550-168 1. Bulgaria. I. American University, Washington, D.C. Foreign Area Studies. II. Title. DR90.K4 914.977 03'3 74-600028 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402--Price $5.55 FOREWORD This volume is one of a series of handbooks prepared by Foreign Area Studies (FAS) of The American University, designed to be useful to military and other personnel who need a convenient compilation of basic facts about the social, economic, political, and military institutions and practices of various countries. The emphasis is on objective description of the nation's present society and the kinds of possible or probable changes that might be expected in the future. The handbook seeks to present as full and as balanced an integrated exposition as limitations on space and research time permit. It was compiled from information available in openly published material. An extensive bibliography is provided to permit recourse to other published sources for more detailed information. There has been no attempt to express any specific point of view or to make policy recommendations. The contents of the handbook represent the work of the authors and FAS and do not represent the official view of the United States government. An effort has been made to make the handbook as comprehensive as possible. It can be expected, however, that the material, interpretations, and conclusions are subject to modification in the light of new information and developments. Such corrections, additions, and suggestions for factual, interpretive, or other change as readers may have will be welcomed for use in future revisions. Comments may be addressed to: The Director Foreign Area Studies The American University 5010 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20016 PREFACE