The Romanian State Railroads, directed by the Ministry of Transportation, operates all but a few minor lines and, in 1969, had about 147,000 employees. As steam locomotives are retired, they are being replaced by diesels. Only a little more than 100 route-miles have been electrified. Officials expect that roads and motor vehicles will take increasing percentages of short-haul cargo and short-trip passenger traffic. Airlines may cut somewhat into the long-distance passenger traffic, but the railroads are expected to remain important for both their freight and passenger services. [Illustration: _Figure 4. Romanian Transportation System._] _Table 2. Use of Transportation Facilities in Romania, 1950, 1960, and 1969_ -------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Freight Ton-Miles (in million tons) (in millions) Cargo Traffic ------------------------------------------------- 1950 1960 1969 1950 1960 1969 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Railroads 35.1 77.5 155.4 4,740 12,380 27,500 Motor transport 1.0 56.7 215.6 26 583 2,830 Inland waterways 1.1 1.9 3.1 418 540 728 Sea 0.2 0.2 5.0 382 663 24,400 Air 0.003 0.003 0.02 1 1 21 Pipeline 1.0 5.6 9.2 118 637 790 -------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Passengers Passenger-Miles (in millions) (in millions) Passenger Traffic -------------------------------------------------- 1950 1960 1969 1950 1960 1969 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Railroads 116.6 214.8 305.9 5,080 6,710 10,450 Motor transport 11.3 71.8 306.9 242 887 4,220 Inland waterways 0.6 1.2 1.4 10 25 43 Sea 0.05 0.08 0.02 59 17 14 Air 0.04 0.2 0.8 9 54 550 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Roads Of the 47,800 miles of road, in 1969 about 6,000 miles--or 14 percent--were considered modernized. A little more than one-third had gravel or crushed stone to harden them, and almost exactly one-half had unimproved dirt surfaces.