[173] =vese salir al jinete corriendo=, _the rider is seen to emerge running_. [174] =que han parado en bandidos=, _who have ended by becoming bandits_. [175] =van a perderse en el crimen=, _are lost in crime_. [176] =que conquistara=, trans., _that once conquered_. [177] =Lagos Pontinos=, _the Pontine Marshes_, the low country surrounding Rome. [178] =los Zumalacárregui, los Mina=. Tomás de Zumalacárregui (1788-1835) and Javier Mina (1789-1817) were intrepid guerrilla fighters who distinguished themselves in the Peninsular War against Napoleon, and later died in struggles against their own compatriots. [179] =Sierra Leona=, British colony on the western coast of Africa, between French Guinea and Liberia. [180] =que=, apocopated form of =porque=. [181] =capataz de carretas=, _foreman of a train of ox-carts_. For boldness and ruggedness these foremen may well be compared with the American pioneers who crossed the prairies in the forties. [182] =algún famoso de tiempo atrás=, _some one famous in former days_. [183] =Por supuesto, que=. The =que= is redundant. [184] =suele haber=, _there are wont to be_. [185] =lo=. Cf. 29, 2. [186] =lo arbitrario=, _the arbitrariness_. [187] =sin que sus secuaces duden de ello=, _without his followers doubting it_. The student must bear in mind that, whereas _without_ in English is used only as a preposition, in Spanish its equivalent =sin= is used as a conjunction when, as in this case, it is followed by =que=. Spanish clauses introduced by =sin que=, therefore, must be translated by the preposition _without_ plus the _gerund_ of the verb. [188] =comandante de campaña=, an officer exercising both civil and military authority in the country; trans., _country prefect_. [189] =Todavía una circunstancia nueva=, _Still another circumstance_. [190] =en su obediencia=. =Su= refers to =el gobierno=. [191] =Así el gobierno papal=. The pontificate of Gregory XVI (1831-1846) was notoriously ill-advised. [192] =el sultán=. Mustafa IV in 1806, by imperial firman, ratified the election of Mehemet Ali by the sheiks to the pashalik of Egypt. Mehemet Ali (1769-1849), pasha and afterwards viceroy of Egypt, though an illiterate of humble birth, was an extraordinarily clever and astute man. It was only through the intervention of the powers that in 1849, after the rout of the Ottoman forces at the battle of Nezib, he was forced to be satisfied with only the hereditary Viceroyalty of Egypt. [193] =destronase=. The subject is =Mehemet Ali=. [194] =revolución=, _i.e._, the social revolution after the war of independence. [195] =López e Ibarra, Artigas y Güemes, Facundo y Rosas=. V. Introduction. [196] =la ciudad=, _i.e._, Buenos Aires. [197] =el camino que él había traído=, _the path he had followed_. [198] =otros tantos=, _so many_. The naming of such worthless men as those mentioned to the post of prefect was the equivalent of eliminating that number of prefects.