[199] =la revolución de las ciudades=, _i.e._, against the Spaniards. [200] =la desasociación=, _i.e._, =de la campaña=. [201] =en la desocupación=, _originating in idleness_. [202] =Estos focos=, _i.e._, =la pulpería=, =la estancia=, =la venta=. [203] =en Facundo Quiroga=,... For translation rearrange the sentence thus: =últimamente en Facundo Quiroga veremos= (understood) =la campaña triunfante en todas partes sobre las ciudades, y éstas, siendo= (understood) =dominadas en su espíritu, gobierno, civilización, veremos= (understood) =formarse, al fin, el gobierno=, etc. In the series =espíritu, gobierno, civilización= the conjunction =y= is omitted by asyndeton. [204] =montaña=, _i.e._, the Andes. [205] =Santiago del Estero=. V. map. [206] =descollaran=, _had excelled_. [207] =Cuzco=, city in Peru, capital of the ancient empire of the Incas. V. map. [208] =Es su... vagabunda=, _The entire forest traversed by him in his wanderings is the scene of his activities_. [209] =Si parece que=, etc., _It seems indeed as if the treble string, etc._ [210] =_Zupay_=. It is of interest to note in this connection that the gaucho of the pampa calls this spirit =Mandinga=, who, although evilly inclined toward men, does at times do them favors. [211] =Salamanca=. The University of Salamanca was famous in the Middle Ages as a great center of learning. Its motto was _Salamanca, maestra de todas las ciencias_. In the thirteenth century Pope Alexander IV, by a bull, made it one of the four great academies of the world. In Argentina, the word =Salamanca= has become synonymous with learning used for evil purposes, and means both witchcraft and the school where witchcraft is taught. [212] "=payar=". Music plays an important part in all the gatherings among Argentine countrymen. Two =payadores=, or bards, engage in a musical contest: each man sings in turn, accompanying himself on the guitar on any improvised subject, and at the end the audience expresses its approval of the winner by its applause. [213] =enano de la siesta=, _the dwarf of the noonday nap_. Tradition has it that ghosts walk about in the quiet hours of the noonday nap. This is not surprising if one bears in mind the deep stillness that pervades small Spanish-American towns, particularly those in the interior. [214] =montes saladinos=, _saline mountains_. Cf. 42, 14. [215] =evoca=. The subject is =ave= in the preceding sentence. [216] =Turay=, Quichua for _brother_. [217] =atrapado a garrote=, _clubbed to death_. [218] =pescado en fisga en el remanso del río=, _harpooned in the still waters of the river_. [219] =si no=, _if not_; _or else_. [220] _=ashpa-mishqui=_, _=tiu-simi=_, _=cayanes=_, _=queyas=_, _also =moro-moros=_ (83, 3), Quichua names of different varieties of bees. [221] =en escasez=, _without game_. [222] =boleada a lives=, _brought down with light =bolas=_. Cf. 64, 5. [223] =tupo=, Quichua name for a measure of any sort; trans., _jar_.