[402] =Macabeo=. Judas Maccabeus, of the Maccabees, led the Jews against the tyrant Antiochus IV, assuming the leadership of the revolt in B.C. 164, upon the death of his father Matathias. [403] =Moreno= (Mariano), Argentine patriot and statesman. Cf. 195. [404] =todos cuantos=, _all who_. [405] =Misiones=. V. map. [406] =Alto Perú=, old name of the present republic of Bolivia. It became an independent state in 1825, with Bolívar as its first president. [407] =Artigas= (José, 1746-1826). Although Mitre speaks thus of Artigas, present-day Uruguayans regard him as their national hero. Works published lately on his life show that he was misunderstood. The federal system of government for which he stood obtains to-day in Argentina, though not in Uruguay. [408] =Güemes= (Martín), Gaucho leader in northern Argentina, whose deeds are commemorated in many tales. He may be compared with Marion, the American guerrilla fighter in the Carolinas during the American War of Independence. [409] =Rivadavia= (Bernardino), first president of Argentina and supporter of the unitarian or centralized form of republican government. During his presidency he established primary education and encouraged the University of Buenos Aires, which had come into being under his tutelage. He was far in advance of his time. [410] =en tal sentido=, _of this type_. [411] =cuyo sentimiento=, _the sentiment for which_. [412] =Cuyo=. Previous to his invasion of Chile, San Martín was ostensibly Governor of Cuyo, a region including the present provinces of Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis. It was in this capacity that he made ready his _Ejército de los Andes_ to attack the Spaniards in Chile. [413] =las del Norte=. This includes the provinces of Salta, Tucumán, Jujuy, and what was known as Alto Perú, or Bolivia. [414] =_encabezar partidos_=, _i.e._, =secundarios=. Cf. 181, 17. [415] =dos derrotas=. The Argentine army of the North had been defeated twice: at Huaquí in June, 1811, and in the battle of Nazareno in January, 1812. [416] =haciendo por último pie firme=, _making at last a resolute stand_. [417] =como el vacío de la máquina neumática que apaga los oídos=, _like the vacuum of the pneumatic pump which deadens the hearing_. [418] =tres Repúblicas=. Argentine by birth, Las Heras fought for the independence of Peru and Chile besides that of his own country. [419] =en ella=, _i.e._, =en la época colonial=. [420] =Bayardo=, famous French knight of the fifteenth century who was called "_le chevalier sans peur et sans reproche_", "_the fearless and faultless knight_". [421] =No se le vió nunca=, _He was never seen_. [422] =y no... manifestaciones=, _and were felt only through the hidden and persevering force of their cold manifestations_. [423] =sin que él reclamase jamás su competencia=, _without his ever putting forward his fitness_.