[424] =Huaquí=. The Argentine forces under the command of Balcarce suffered here a severe defeat, after which Pueyrredón took command of the retreating forces. [425] =algo de interno y de poderoso=, _something profound and powerful_. [426] =lo manejaba... severidad=, _he wielded it even in the extremes of firmness and severity_. [427] =compañero de Logia=. Francisco Miranda, a Venezuelan patriot, had been the prime mover in establishing a vast secret society with branches in Europe and America. The purpose of this society was to bring about a republican form of government in all South America. San Martín established a chapter of it in Buenos Aires under the name of =Logia de Lautaro=, and with its support carried through his invasion of Chile and Peru, despite party opposition. =Lautaro= was synonymous with patriotism because it was the name of an Araucanian chief famous for his fierce resistance against Valdivia, the conqueror of Chile. [428] =con quien... personal=, _with whom he held political views in common and whom he resembled in his personal character_. [429] =solemnidades patrias=, _national holidays_. [430] =sol=. The Argentine flag has two horizontal blue stripes and in the middle a white one with the image of the sun in it. [431] =mayo de 1810=. A reference to the 25th of May, 1810. The first cry of independence was heard in Buenos Aires, and Cisneros, then Viceroy, was put out of power. V. Introduction. [432] =no él=, _i.e._, he made no efforts at self-glorification. [433] =Quiere... propios=, _He wishes as it were to do away with the very names_. [434] =Colonia=, _i.e._, Argentina, prior to its independence. [435] =Tácito=, Tacitus, famous Roman historian (55-120 A.D.). [436] =y... chispa=, _hardly any light_. [437] =Vieytes= (Hipólito), one of the leaders of the Argentine revolution and member of the Junta Gobernativa. [438] =Virreinato=, _i.e._, Spanish rule in Argentina. [439] =árbitro de=, _free to_. [440] =ejerciendo=, _by exercising_. [441] =Manzanares=, river in Spain, on the banks of which Madrid is located; here synonymous with Spain. [442] =Congreso=, reference to the Congress of Tucumán, in 1816, which declared the independence of Argentina. Cf. 222. [443] =El rumbo... estrella=, _The course was pointed toward the best star_, _i.e._, democracy. [444] =su modo de ser definitivo=, _its established form of government_. [445] =Salta=, province of Argentina, and its capital. Güemes used to refer to Salta as mi provincia. [446] =sea que..., sea que=, _whether... or_. [447] =país accidentado=. Salta and Jujuy, as can be seen from the map, are in a mountainous region. [448] =la resistencia de la población en masa=. While San Martín was conquering Chile in 1817 and invading Peru in 1821, the Spaniards were trying to fight their way down from Peru into Argentina. Güemes' efforts were most important in holding the Spanish forces back until San Martín struck at the heart of their power, Lima.