The public policy involved in that point has been threshed out for many years in patent cases; and in patent cases it has been found to be unjust to compel anybody to submit to an action for infringement of a patent in any district unless it be in the district of which he is an inhabitant, or a district where he has a regular and established place of business. You can not sue somebody for infringing a patent merely by proving that he did formerly infringe that patent in a particular district away from home, or by finding him in that particular place. You can not go to Chicago and sue a New York man for infringing a patent on the allegation that a year or so ago he did infringe that patent in the northern district of Illinois, unless you prove also that he has a regular and established place of business in Chicago. No man ought to be sued for infringing a copyright except in the district where he resides; or, lacking that, in the district where he is engaged in business. Mr. CHANEY. Then you would favor the defendant rather than the complainant in such a case? Mr. WALKER. No; I would be just to both; and my proposition is deduced from the present patent statute, and that patent statute is deduced from considerations of justice as they have worked out during fifty years of patent litigation as on the whole being most equitable. Section 35 provides that "In all recoveries under this act full costs shall be allowed." That ought to be amended by substituting the word "actions" for the word "recoveries," so as to permit recovery in behalf of a successful defendant as well as in behalf of a successful complainant; and the word "full" ought to be erased, and these words ought to be added "in accordance with law," so that the section would read: That in all actions under this act, costs shall be allowed in accordance with law; and the law that would be put into operation by that amendment would be those general statutes of the United States which relate to the taxation of costs in all litigations in the United States courts. Here is a bad section, 43-- That in place of the original instrument of assignment there may be sent for record a true copy of the same, duly certified as such by any official authorized to take an acknowledgment to a deed. That opens the door wide to fraud, because hardly anything is easier than to get a notary public to certify that one document is a copy of another, particularly where he is acting in a capacity outside of his office, and therefore would not be liable for any inconvenience or penalty if the certificate should turn out to be false. So here is a proposition to make the ownership of a copyright depend upon the record in the copyright office of an alleged copy of an assignment, which alleged copy may be fraudulent, and if fraudulent then resulting in no punishment to the wrongdoer. Mr. CHANEY. You would confine that to some other official, then; would you?