Mr. PETTIT. I think section 4 is broad enough to include it. You will understand that section 4 is understood to include a photograph. It is understood to include everything which is the subject-matter of copyright. Mr. CHANEY. I was just about to ask this: Understanding that this talking machine is a new arrangement, and was invented later than the date of the original copyright law, by that very fact it might be necessary to mention it in section 4. Mr. PETTIT. Well, I assumed that the word "author," as used by the Librarian of Congress in presenting the bill, was sufficiently broad to include anything which was originated of that character: and, as interpreted by the courts, for instance in the Sarony case (111 U. S. Repts., 59), it has been decided that the word "writing" was broad enough to include a photograph, and that therefore it would not be necessary to amend section 4, provided section 18 had specifically in it the words "talking-machine record," showing that it was meant to be included. Of course I should not object to including it. I should not object at all to having section 4 amended for that purpose, but I doubt whether it would be necessary under the circumstances. Mr. CHANEY. You would be satisfied without its amendment? Mr. PETTIT. I think so, provided the talking-machine record was inserted in sections 5 and 18. There should be no question but that the particular characteristic utterances of a singer, or recitationist, or of an actor, or of an orator, or the particular instrumentation of a pianist, or leader of an orchestra, etc., independent of the composition itself, whether it is copyrighted or not, should be equally entitled to protection, as a photograph or reproduction of a work of art. The present-day thoughts and ideas may be recorded and reproduced through this new form of writing--that is, by recording the uttered sound upon a properly prepared surface in a sound groove, by which the varied undulations of the voice are formed in the groove by corresponding undulations, lateral or vertical. Here we have a true writing of the voice, recording uttered sound, recording not only words, thoughts, and ideas, but also recording the special particular expression and characteristic method of speech employed by the person uttering the sound. In other words, we have the exact voice, with all its individuality recorded, to be reproduced through the medium of the reproducing device employing a stylus operating in the groove. Certainly a sound record is within the contemplation of the Constitution and should be unquestionably included in this proposed new act relative to copyrights.