Towards the end of Alexander’s life his attention was unfavourably
directed on his old teacher. A relative of Aristotle named Callisthenes
had attended Alexander in his campaigns as historiographer, and had
provoked disfavour by his censure of the King’s attempts to invest his
semi-constitutional position towards his Hellenic subjects with the pomp
of an Oriental despotism. The historian’s independence proved fatal.
He was accused of instigating an assassination plot among Alexander’s
pages, and hanged, or, as some said, thrown into a prison where he died
before trial. Alexander is reported to have held Aristotle responsible
for his relative’s treason, and to have meditated revenge. If this is
so, he was fortunately diverted from the commission of a crime by
preoccupation with the invasion of India.
On the death of Alexander in 323 a brief but vigorous anti-Macedonian
agitation broke out at Athens. Aristotle, from his Macedonian
connections, naturally fell a victim, in spite of his want of sympathy
with the ideals of Philip and Alexander. Like Socrates, he was indicted
on the capital charge of "impiety," the pretext being that his poem on
the death of Hermeias, written twenty years before, was a virtual
deification of his friend. This was, however, only a pretext; the real
offence was political, and lay in his connection with the Macedonian
leader Antipater. As condemnation was certain, the philosopher
anticipated it by withdrawing with his disciples to Chalcis, the mother
city of his native Stagirus. Here he died in the following year, at the
age of sixty-two or sixty-three.
The features of Aristotle, familiar to us from busts and intaglios, are
handsome, but indicate refinement and acuteness rather than originality,
an impression in keeping with what we should expect from a study of his
writings. The anecdotes related of him reveal a kindly, affectionate
character, and show little trace of the self-importance which appears in
his work. His will, which has been preserved, exhibits the same traits
in its references to his happy family life and its solicitous care for
the future of his children and servants. He was twice married, first to
Pythias, and secondly to a certain Herpyllis, by whom he left a son
Nicomachus and a daughter. The "goodness" of Herpyllis to her husband
is specially mentioned in the clauses of the will which make provision
for her, while the warmth of the writer’s feelings for Pythias is shown
by the direction that her remains are to be placed in the same tomb with
his own. The list of servants remembered and the bequests enumerated
show the philosopher to have been in easier circumstances than Plato.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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