It would have been easy for me to give my book a learned appearance, by checkering its pages with references to ancient authors, or quotations, in the original, from them; but this has seemed to me both unnecessary and unprofitable in a work intended for the general public. I have, therefore, preferred to place at the heads of the different chapters, in English mostly, such quotations as seemed to express, in the most striking way, the spirit of the different periods and theories of Greek education. Taken together, I believe these quotations will be found to present a fairly definite outline of the whole subject. In conclusion, I would say that, though I have used a few modern works, such as those of Kapp and Grasberger, I have done so almost solely for the sake of finding references. In regard to every point I believe I have turned to the original sources. If, therefore, my conclusions on certain points differ from those of writers of note who have preceded me, I can only say that I have tried to do my best with the original materials before me. I am far from flattering myself that I have reached the truth in every case, and shall be very grateful for corrections, in whatever spirit they may be offered; but I trust that I have been able to present in their essential features, the "ancient ideals of education." THOMAS DAVIDSON. "Glenmore," Keene, Essex Co., N.Y. October, 1891. CONTENTS BOOK I. INTRODUCTORY. PAGE CHAPTER I. Character and Ideal of Greek Education 3 CHAPTER II. Branches of Greek Education 6 CHAPTER III. Conditions of Education 9 CHAPTER IV. Subjects of Education 12 CHAPTER V. Education as Influenced by Time, Place, and Circumstances 15 CHAPTER VI. Epochs in Greek Education 26 BOOK II. THE HELLENIC PERIOD (B.C. 776-338). PART I. _THE "OLD EDUCATION"_ (B.C. 776-480). CHAPTER I. Education for Work and Leisure 33 CHAPTER II. Æolian or Theban Education 38 CHAPTER III. Dorian or Spartan Education 41 CHAPTER IV. Pythagoras 52 CHAPTER V. Ionian or Athenian Education 60 (1) Family Education 64 (2) School Education 67 (α) Musical (and Literary) Education 72 (β) Gymnastics, or Bodily Training 77 (γ) Dancing 82 (3) College Education 85 (4) University Education 90 PART II. _THE "NEW EDUCATION"_ (B.C. 480-338). CHAPTER I. Individualism and Philosophy 93