Ani: Building on the Citadel 378 Ani: Pilaster in the Building on the Citadel 379 Ani: Landscape from the southern extremities of the site 380 Ani: The Castle 383 The Monastery of Khosha Vank: east side 386 Khosha Vank: Chapels in the Ravine of the Arpa Chai 387 The Citadel of Kars 406 Molokan Elder at Vladikars 411 House at Novo-Michaelovka 412 Aghri Dagh from the Araxes Cañon 414 Cliffs composing Northern Wall of Araxes Cañon 415 The Araxes near Kagyzman 416 Kara Vank on Aghri Dagh 419 Map of the Armenian Plateau 452 LIST OF MAPS AND PLANS Plan of the Ancient Fortifications of Trebizond To face page 13 Trebizond and Surroundings 30 Plan of the Monastery and Churches of Edgmiatsin Between pages 244 and 245 Plan of the Deserted City of Ani To face page 390 Kars and Surroundings 395 The Structural Features of Asia Between pages 422 and 423 Map of Armenia and Adjacent Countries Cover CHAPTER I THE COAST AND THE PORT